Vibrational mechanical

Low magnitude / high frequency, used for 20 minutes per day 25g at 30Hz/ 50 Hz,

Canine retraction: 30Hz NS, 50Hz 15% quicker, Significant but not clinically

No increase in root resorption - split mouth study, except for 50Hz, reduced RRRR Tan 2011, Yilmaz 2021

Photobiomodulation (PBM)

Low level laser therapy: LED device used for 20-30 minutes her day

Tooth movement increase rate of 1.73mm over 2-3 months Yavagal 2021 SR

Root resorption no difference Sambevski 2022

Minisurgery: Piezocision/ Micro-osteperforation(MOP)

Piesocision – series of vertical bone cuts of 2-3mm depth vary lengths,  Vs MOP – round punctures of 2-3mm depth. With or without flaps.

The movements were twice as fast (Lino et al 2017, Cho et al 2007, Mostafa et al 2009)

But limited duration of effect  Buschang 2010 

Peak at around 3-4 weeks 

No differences after 6 weeks - Similar to human trials: Aboul-Ela 2011

Root resorption Patterson 2017

Peizocision and MOP produced significantly (44% / 42%) MORE root resorption. 

Peizocision 36% additional iatrogenic damage (performed by periodontist)

Distraction

Remove all or most of the bone in a way so that you can move teeth faster reliably

Osteotomy, callus formation followed by Rapid separation of distal and proximal bone and healing with new bone formation.

1mm per day Moore 2011

Teeth vial with Dappler meter

Vitality through histology as electronic pulp test not reliable during orthodontic treatment, Alomari 2011, increase in treatment but return to normal in retention.

Wrong diagnosis

Wrong mechanics

Bracket position