orthodontics In summary

"Do not believe that you can do everything with an aligner. It's not possible at the moment... I think 80% of the cases can be managed with aligners only, but 20% of the cases require a hybrid approach."

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"Whenever I hear from a company that they're going to send me aligners for five years, I'm scared. I don't want them... I want to finish cases possibly in two years."

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"We know that we have different phases of treatment... To have just one aligner material for every step is nonsense in orthodontics."

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"With just one appliance [the positioner], I avoid a refinement of maybe 10-20 aligners. It's going to save me a lot of time."

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When should clear aligners be combined with fixed appliances? And can changing aligner materials  improve treatment efficiency?

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Joining me on this episode of Orthodontics in Interview is Achille Farina from BresciaItaly, Achille shares his clinical philosophy on hybrid aligner treatment, the indications, the practical orthodontic biomechanics, with a focus on efficient orthodontics  modern day aligner therapy.

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Indications for hybrid treatment includeroot movements, bodily translation, impacted canine traction, and extraction space closure. Achille explains his approach to combining clear aligners with lingual sectional appliances, using the aligners to maintain anchorage while sectional mechanics help achieve root uprighting. We also discuss why he often favours lingual appliances for complex extraction cases and why treatment efficiency should remain central to clinical decision-making.

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The conversation then turns to aligner materials and the potential benefits of using different thicknesses at different stages of treatment. Achille describes his approach to combining thinner daytime aligners with thicker nighttime aligners, before explaining why tooth positioners can be particularly useful for posterior occlusal settling and potentially avoiding additional aligner refinements, a new reason to use old appliances

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Finally, we discuss the limitations of aligner biomechanics, the ethical responsibility to change treatment mechanics when progress is inadequate, and why orthodontists should continue to understand fixed appliance mechanics rather than relying exclusively on clear aligners.

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🕒 Timestamps – Key Questions & Answers

02:15 What Are the Clinical Indications for Hybrid Aligner Treatment?

04:03 When Should Orthodontists Consider Hybrid Mechanics?

07:02 Why Does Achille Farina Prefer Lingual Appliances for Complex Cases?

08:23 Are Lingual Appliances More Efficient Than Aligners for Extraction Cases?

11:11 Should Hybrid Mechanics Be Planned Proactively or Introduced Reactively?

13:38 How Are Lingual Sectional Appliances Combined With Aligners?

17:02 How Does Tip-Edge Biomechanics Influence Space Closure With Aligners?

21:03 When Should Orthodontists Change an Ineffective Aligner Treatment Plan?

22:35 Why Use Two Different Aligner Materials During Treatment?

27:18 Why Combine Thin Daytime Aligners With Thick Nighttime Aligners?

28:04 How To Select Different Aligner Materials and Thicknesses?

30:57 Why Are Tooth Positioners Still Relevant in Modern Orthodontics?

34:36 When Should Orthodontists Use a Positioner Instead of Additional Refinements?

37:01 What Is Achille Farrina's Advice for Orthodontists Using Clear Aligners?

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Website – https://orthoinsummary.com/hybrid-aligner-treatment-and-two-vs-one-aligner-material-systems-orthodontics-interview-achille-farina/

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How To Reduce Aligner Refinements | Orthodontics In Interview | Enzo Pasciuti.

"If you don't understand fixed appliance mechanics, you won't truly understand aligner mechanics."

"Don't judge your aligner cases on the computer. Judge them clinically."

"Predictability isn't about using fewer aligners, it's about respecting biomechanics and biology."

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Why do some orthodontists achieve consistently lower refinement rates with aligners. Joining me is Enzo Pasciuti, shedding light on key mechanics, planning  philosophies and clinical pearls that have helped him achieve predictability and  reducing refinements, whilst acknowledging challenging aligner mechanics, increasing the number of aligners, and rigidly adhering to biomechanical principles of all tooth movement.

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We discuss the importance of clinically assessing every refinement, and why orthodontists should never rely solely on virtual treatment planning. Enzo also explains how attachments, passive aligners, staged treatment planning, and Dental Monitoring can significantly improve clinical outcomes.

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We also explore instability with aligners, a frequently overlooked outcome when unplanned, common mistakes clinicians make with aligners, and why every orthodontist should first master fixed appliance mechanics before expecting excellence with clear aligners.

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🕒 Timestamps – Key Questions & Answers

02:15 Why Does Enzo Have Lower Refinement Rates Than Most Orthodontists?

06:20 Why Clinical Assessment Is More Important Than Virtual Treatment Planning

09:05 Do More Attachments Improve Aligner Predictability?

10:40 How Dental Monitoring Reduces Refinements

12:45 Why Complex Cases Should Be Treated in Stages

15:30 Passive Aligners Explained: More Than Just Retention

18:30 Why Enzo Uses a 9-Month Stabilisation Protocol Before Retainers

22:15 Which Tooth Movements Are Most Predictable With Aligners?

25:20 Improving Torque & Intrusion Through Better Force Delivery

33:00 Is Dental Monitoring Better Than Seeing Patients Every Month?

41:40 The Biggest Mistakes Orthodontists Make With Aligners

48:30 Will AI Replace Orthodontic Treatment Planning?

54:15 The Future of Aligner Technology

57:20 One Piece of Advice Every Orthodontist Should Hear

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If you enjoyed this conversation, please Like, Subscribe, and Share to support more evidence-based discussions in orthodontics.

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Please visit the website for this interview podcast:

Website – https://orthoinsummary.com/how-to-reduce-aligner-refinements-orthodontics-in-interview-enzo-pasciuti/

YouTube – https://youtu.be/TFWAoCptVts

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General Dentists & Orthodontics: Where Is The Line? | Orthodontics In Interview | Tif Qureshi

"Without orthodontics, dentists are working in a compromised environment."

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"Minor objective orthodontics can be valuable, but the key is knowing what you should and should not treat."

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"A two-day course is only an introduction. The real learning comes through mentoring, case assessment, and guided experience."

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"Remote treatment planning is very different from mentoring.” 

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The  general dentists performing orthodontics remains a  debated topic in modern dentistry. Should general dentists provide orthodontic treatment? What level of orthodontics is appropriate? How can general dentists achieve safe and predictable outcomes for their patients?

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Joining me is Tif Qureshi, international speaker and educator  a general dentist and founder  of the Intelligent Alignment Systems Academy (IAS) , and advocate of general dentists performing orthodontics and minimally invasive dentistry  We have an in-depth discussion on orthodontic education of general dentists, why general dentists can have greater litigation rates than specialists, the quality of orthodontic planning and  treatment, and the issue with education for general dentists in orthodontics.

.We explore minimally invasive restorative dentistry and Tif explains the merits of orthodontics from the restorative lens. 

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We also discuss  the limitations of short orthodontic courses, as well as  anterior guidance, envelope of function, and tooth movement over time, and how dentists can offer something specialists can't, longer term monitoring and patient education.

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🕒 Timestamps – Key Questions & Answers

03:00 Why Should General Dentists Learn Orthodontics?05:10 How Much Orthodontics Should General Dentists Be Doing?08:40 General Dentists Performing Orthodontics: Why Are They Sued More Then Specialists? 10:20 Can Dentists Identify Suitable Orthodontic Cases?13:15 Mentoring vs Remote Treatment Planning18:00 The Difference Between General Dentists and Specialist Orthodontists Treatment 23:30 Are Remote Aligner Planning Services  Putting Patients at Risk?26:50 Understanding The Envelope of Function32:40 Why Anterior Guidance Matters 39:10 Can Limited Objective Orthodontics Improve Function?42:20 Long-Term Tooth Movement and Orthodontic Stability47:00 Should Patients Expect Future Orthodontic Retreatment?

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Please visit the website for this interview podcast:

Website - https://orthoinsummary.com/general-dentists-orthodontics-where-is-the-line-orthodontics-in-interview-tif-qureshi/

Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9MuqLx9KJg

Spotify link - https://open.spotify.com/episode/3Tt3FG79ZfLCa13ntndkIN?si=AIUe1O9MQi-eNt07mBLGYQ

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Airway Orthodontics Under the Microscope | Orthodontics In Interview | Dr. Claudia Pinter

"The goal of orthodontics is not occlusion, but jaw development."

"It's our job to develop the jaws, and if we don't do our job, other people need to do it-but they can't do it as well.”

"I believe that nasal breathing is the foundation of healthy breathing."

Airway management in orthodontics remains one of the most debated topics in modern orthodontics. Can orthodontics improve breathing? What does the current evidence say? Why do practitioners carry out orthodontics to improve the airway? Joining me is Dr. Claudia Pinter from Austria for a discussion on airway management, sleep-disordered breathing, and the potential role orthodontist's may have in improving the disorder.

We explore research surrounding pediatric airway management, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), mouth breathing, maxillary expansion, CBCT imaging, skeletal expansion, bed wetting and the ongoing controversies that continue to divide opinion within the profession. The podcast was recorded in Dusseldorf Germany.

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🕒 Timestamps – Key Questions & Answers

03:30 How did you Become Interested in Airway Orthodontics?

06:35 How Should Orthodontists Screen Patients for Airway Problems?

07:20 Can Facial Type Predict Sleep-Disordered Breathing?

11:40 Should CBCT Be Used for Airway Diagnosis?

13:30 What Is Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS)?

17:00 Can Orthodontics Help Prevent Pediatric Sleep Problems?

22:10 Treating Nasal Breathing vs Treating Sleep Apnea

24:00 Diagnosing Mouth Breathing in Children

27:20 Jaw Development vs Perfect Occlusion

30:20 Does Maxillary Expansion Improve Breathing?

34:35 Do Tooth Extractions Cause Sleep-Disordered Breathing?

38:40 Skeletal Expansion vs Conventional Rapid Maxillary Expansion

43:35 Bedwetting, Sleep Quality & Airway Health

46:20 One Piece of Advice for Orthodontists

Please like and subscribe if you found this discussion useful!

Please visit the website for this interview podcast:

Website link: https://orthoinsummary.com/airway-orthodontics-under-the-microscope-orthodontics-in-interview-dr-claudia-pinter/

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/m_XwdIxBFuk

Spotify link: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6OJlrjsxKIYcVvaozvgfir?si=lVwsfiTWQg2P2fzwbjV3wg&nd=1&dlsi=596ac38422bd4f1a

#OrthodonticsInInterview

#Orthodontics

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#SleepApnea

#SleepDisorderedBreathing

#AirwayManagement

#MaxillaryExpansion

#SkeletalExpansion

#PediatricOrthodontics

#ClearAligners

#EvidenceBasedDentistry

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“Most orthodontic research looks strong on paper, but when you ask how much actually changes clinical practice, the number is surprisingly low.”

“Case reports may sit at the bottom of the evidence pyramid, but without them, there is no science at all.”

“We are not just dealing with appliances and scans. We are dealing with biology, data, and human behaviour all at once.”

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I’m joined by Nikilesh Vaid , and in this episode we go beyond clinical techniques and into the deeper questions shaping the specialty: why orthodontic research still produces relatively low levels of high-quality evidence, 

The role of case reports and what truly influences clinical practice, and why collaboration is not common in academia. Nikhilesh also reflects on institutional responsibility, editorial ethics, and current publication practices impact on broader participation in research.

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The conversation moves to the future of orthodontics: remote monitoring, artificial intelligence, and data-driven treatment planning. We explore whether these technologies genuinely improve outcomes or are just  changes in workflows, and how education systems should adapt to prepare the next generation of orthodontists.

Finally, Nikhilesh shares his perspective on the profession itself, reminding us that while excellence defines our science, empathy defines our care.

🕒 Timestamps of Key Questions & Topics

02:33 Why is orthodontic research still dominated by low-level evidence?07:25 Do case reports still matter in modern orthodontics?09:44 Why is there a lack of collaboration in research?15:07 What is the biggest challenge facing orthodontic institutions today?19:21 Are editorial conflicts of interest a problem in orthodontics?24:40 What real innovation in orthodontics is occurring?29:18 Remote monitoring, evidence, accuracy, and clinical relevance35:53 AI in orthodontics, will it replace skills or enhancing care?40:49 One piece of advice for orthodontists

Please like and subscribe if you find this useful.

Listen on Spotify, YouTube, and other podcast platforms.

#OrthodonticsInInterview #NikhileshVaid #Orthodontics #DentalResearch #AIinDentistry #OrthodonticsEducation #EvidenceBasedDentistry #FarooqAhmed @nikhileshvaid

Attachments - Mistakes, Errors And Solutions | OrthoDontics In Interview | Linton Nash 

"When we place attachments, we assume they are accurate,  but small errors in volume, location, plaque, or insertion can completely change the force system."

"Sometimes the attachment itself can make movement worse than having no attachment at all."

"I'm not trying to eliminate every error,  I'm trying to control every error we can control."

I'm joined by Dr. Linton Nash from Australia for a deep dive into aligner attachments andtrim line design, factors often overlooked but significant in tooth movement.

We explore Linton’s attachment term ‘VALE’ , volume, abrasion, location, and errors, and discuss how seemingly small factors such as plaque, attachment positioning, and tray design may significantly alter force delivery and treatment outcomes.

We discuss attachment design, optimised versus conventional designs, why they can underperform clinically, and the advantage a force system  from straight trim lines can achieve. The biomechanics of lingual attachments but the inaccuracy in their use, and whether aligner systems are fundamentally working with unavoidable “play” similar to fixed appliances.

Linton also shares his research into 3D printed attachments, attachment accuracy protocols, refinement strategies, and the future of aligner mechanics.

🕒 Timestamps of Key Questions & Answers

03:12 What Does VALE Mean in Attachment Errors?

08:40 Which Attachment Errors Have the Biggest Clinical Impact?

15:03 Are We Destined to Work With Errors in Aligners?

18:51 Is There “Play / Slop” Between Aligners and Teeth Like Fixed Appliances?

21:43 Do  Optimized Attachments Work Predictably?

28:14 Should Straight Trim Lines Be the Default?

33:54 Why Don’t More Companies Offer Trim Line Variations?35:34 Are Negative Attachments & Power Ridges Effective?38:18 How Accurate Are 3D Printed Attachments?

44:38 Should We Use Lingual Attachments?

47:36 Can Pre-scan Attachments Be The Solution (Universal Attachments by Keejoon)?

50:20 One Piece of Advice for Orthodontists

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The BioprogressiveTheory Revisited  | Orthodontics In Interview |  Sergio Sambataro

"Whenyou say Class II, to me, you say nothing. We must look for the etiology of themalocclusion — not just the teeth, but the function behind them."

"Ifyou extrude the upper molar, the condyle goes downward, and you have morevertical growth of the ramus. Ricketts showed this very clearly back in the 60sand we have published the same result at the University of Milan."

"Oneof the principles in Class II correction is: first open the bite, and thencorrect the overjet. This is not just mechanics — it is logic."

"Satoonce said — if you ask why he doesn't use retainers, he answers with anotherquestion: why do you use retainers? Because you know your job is notstable."

I'm joined by Dr. Sergio Sambotaro from Sicily, for adeep dive into Bioprogressive Orthodontics, principles established by Rickettsand still debated today.

We explore the cause of a malocclusion from abioprogressive perspective, the focus on vertical facial types determiningtreatment mechanics and anchorage. We examine the decompression theory of the ClassII case, and the role of the cervical headgear and utility arches. We turn tothe mechanics of sectional treatment over full-arch straight wire, and whereTADs fit in with the bioprogressive philosophy. We tackle the contestedevidence around transpalatal arch anchorage, and what the research may bemissing.

Please like and subscribe if you find it useful!

Please visit the website for this interview podcast:

https://orthoinsummary.com/the-bioprogressive-theory-revisited-orthodontics-in-interview-sergio-sambataro/

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YouTube

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#Orthodontics

#bioprogressive

#TADs

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@SergioSambataro

Farooq Ahmed

🕒Timestamps of Key Questions & Answers
01:45 What Is the Bioprogressive Understanding of Malocclusion?04:53 How Does Facial Pattern Define the Class II and Class III in Terms ofthe Vertical?11:56 Can We Modify Facial Growth in All Cases?13:49 Can Breathing Pattern Be Changed With Orthodontics?15:32 How Do Cervical Headgear and Utility Arches Work Together in Class IICorrection?19:20 How Important Is Bracket Prescription in Bioprogressive TherapyVersus Straight Wire?22:37 What Are the Key Differences Between Bioprogressive Mechanics andConventional Straight Wire?26:14 Intrusion Arches Versus TADs — Does the Evidence ChallengeBioprogressive Principles?31:18 Does the Research on Transpalatal Arch Anchorage Loss Undermine theBioprogressive Approach?34:33 Do You Use MEAW Wires in Clinical Practice — and How Effective AreThey?38:18 Can a Great Occlusal Result Eliminate the Need for Retention?

"If you anticipate, we can reduce the treatment time with aligners."

"I never look at the simulation as the final outcome. For me, the simulation is only how the forces should be orientated to the teeth."

"Fixed braces are more efficient to treat extraction cases. Not because we cannot do it with aligners, but because aligners need more auxiliaries and more work to achieve the same quality of movement."

"10 years ago when we talked about aligners, everyone was looking at us like we are doing only small alignment. Today we are able to see very advanced complicated cases."

The podcast was recorded live at this years European AlignerSociety meeting.

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https://orthoinsummary.com/aligner-planning-and-mechanics-orthodontics-in-interview-waddah-sabouni/

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Farooq Ahmed

I'm joinedby Wadah Sabouni, for a focused exploration of clear aligner therapy and theevolving boundaries of aligners. We examine how science has informed the limitsof tooth movement, why overengineering and auxiliaries are complementary ratherthan opposing strategies, and what a study revealed about the surprisingdifferences between digital setup software platforms. We turnedto the biomechanics of extraction cases with Ying Yang mechanics as well asWaddah’s use of short class 2 elastics for distalisation mechanics. If mandibularadvancement with aligners are fad or innovation. We close with reflections on adecade of the European Aligners Society, and where the field must go to bringaligner orthodontics to its potential.🕒Timestamps of Key Questions & Answers
01:54 When Do You Choose Auxiliaries?03:38 Overengineering vs Auxiliaries – How Do You Decide?05:02 Are Occlusal Outcomes Poorer With Aligners in Extraction Cases?06:40 What Are Ying Yang Attachments and Do They Solve the ExtractionProblem?06:46 Does Software Setup Algorithm Matter More Than We Think?08:33 Should CBCT Integration Be Standard in Aligner Planning?09:10 Why Do You Use Short Class II Elastics For Aligner DistalisationMechanics?10:51 Are Mandibular Advancement Aligners Fad or Innovation?12:46 What Does 10 Years of the European Aligners Society Mean for theProfession?

Join me for look at the orthodontic -periodontal interface, the latest evidence looking at the effects of orthodontic tooth movement as well what periodontal surgery can offer in recession management. This podcast is a summary of Christos Kassaro and Anton Spurrier’s excellent lecture, as part of the AngleNet Webinar Series.

Timestamp

0:44 – At 1-year recession risks of orthodontics

2:30 – At 15-year recession risks of orthodontics

4:37 – Retainer relapse: "X" & "Twist" effects

5:13 – Biomechanics: Using mixed bracket slots for torque

6:17 – Perio surgery principles & donor sites

7:54 – Flap designs: Full vs. split-thickness

8:14 – Surgical techniques: MCAT vs. LCT

9:27 – Timing: Surgery before vs. after ortho?

10:33 – Surgical adjuncts: Hyaluronic acid

Orthodonticaetiology at 2 time points:

1.    During active orthodonticmovement 

2.    During retention phase

Kloukos2025

1year follow up study of adult orthodontic patients Vs  control

·     1 year post debond of non-extractiontreatment at 67% greater incidence of recession within the orthodontic group (IRR = 1.67,95% CI: 1.05, 2.67, P = 0.03). Five main findings:

1.    Recessionlocation: canines and first premolars,

2.    Proclination:incisor proclination of 6.35o with no recession

3.    Recessionin control group: increased but less than orthodonticgroup

4.    Recessionquantity: Generally small at 1 mm

5.    Reductionin recession for some: Both groups showedsome patients had a reversal of their recession

Long term though what do we see?

·     Gebistorf 2018 Swiss group

·     At 15 years 77% of orthodonticpatients had 1-14 areas of recession,

·     Control group who had 62%.

·     Greater recession on lingual aspectthan labial

·     2.73 x more recession with crossbitescorrected (95% CI, 0.28-5.17; P = 0.029)  

·     Crowding in controls: 3 mm =  3.29 x more recessions (95% CI, 0.73-5.68; P =0.012)

Orthodontics onaverage does not compromise long term health or function, but may compromise aesthetics

Fixed Braided Retainers

‘X’effect (torque) or twist effect (proclination) unwanted movement from wire activation

·     Not relapsed as new movement 

·     Occurrence: 2.7% (n=221 patients) –Renkema 2011

Treatment‘X’ effect

1-   Differentialslot side

                                     i.     Affectedtooth - .18 slot with -17 degrees of torque

                                   ii.     Remainingteeth.22 slot with 0 torque

                                 iii.     Sideeffect of intrusion of incisor, due to slot differences

Periodontal Surgery concepts:

Indication: inadequate gingiva = <2 mm Zhong 2025

·     Wound healing

o   Flapdesign to enhance wound stability – avoid vertical releasing incisions

·     Connective tissue graft, harvest itfrom the palate.

o   Keratinizedtissue and quantity

o   Mostavailable, quick healing Karring 1975

o   fibroblastfrom the palate biological potential to inducekeratinization. 

Surgicaltechniques:

1-   Fullthickness: mucosa, connective tissue and includes periosteal layer

2-   Splitthickness: mucosa and connective tissue

·     

Timingof surgery

Surgeryafter orthodontics

·     Only when the teeth are in the correctposition

·     Favorable environment for the woundhealing. 

·     Usual timing of surgery

Surgerybefore orthodontics

·     Require more tissue for the orthodonticmovement:

Adjuststo surgery

1-   Amelogenins attach proteins to the rootsurface. 

2-   Hyaluronicacid promotehealing through attracting proteins. 

Expert consensus on orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal disease. Zhong2025

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11965299/

Contributions

Contents:Shanya Kapoor

Editedand produced: Farooq Ahmed

“The reality is none of us use light continuous forces.”

“Friction is awesome. Friction is great, we would be miserable if there was no friction… (with) uncontrolled movement everywhere”

“Segmented arch mechanics are very tough to gain three-dimensional control over the tooth.”

“The last major landmark in fixed appliance and in orthodontics was the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance.”

“The root is not moving according to the wish of the orthodontist (with aligners)”

I’m joined by Madhur Upadhyay for a deepexploration of biomechanics, biology, and the true limits of orthodontic innovation. We examine advances in appliances, aligners, and digital workflows and why they have, as of yet, not improved speed or quality of clinical outcomes,and innovation is still governed by the same biological constraints that dictated tooth movement a century ago. However progress has been significant in workflows for both fixed and aligner therapy.

We also discuss why complex biomechanics arerarely implemented in routine practice, whether pre-adjusted appliances were the last major landmark innovation, and what aligners can, and cannot, achieve in terms of root control in terms of biomechanics. The conversation extends toartificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment planning, asking whether automation enhances clinical care or gradually replaces critical thinking. We conclude with thoughts of micro and nano-plastics and the focus needed on this topic in orthodontics.

Please like and subscribe if you find it useful!

Please visit the website for this interview podcast:

https://orthoinsummary.com/the-hidden-biomechanics-of-fixed-appliances-aligners-orthodontics-in-interview-madhur-upadhyay/

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Publications by Madhur Upadhyay

Biomechanics of clear aligners: hidden truths & firstprinciples 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.11.002

ClearAligners in Extraction-Based Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review andMeta-Analysis 2026 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70052

#OrthodonticsInSummary
# Madhurupadhyay
#Orthodontics

#biomechanics

#TADs

#OrthodonticsInInterview

#FarooqAhmed

#OrthodonticBiomechanics

#DentalEducation

Farooq Ahmed

🕒Timestamps of Key Questions & Answers
01:43 Are We Overestimating Orthodontic Innovation?
02:41 If Technology Has Advanced, Why Is Fixed Appliance Treatment No Quicker?
08:55 Why Are Aligners Still Only 50% Predictable?
12:23 Why Are Biomechanical Set Ups of Cantilevers Unpopular In ClinicalPractice?22:41 Have Bracket Prescriptions Stopped Innovation?
26:42 MBT vs Roth – Does Prescription Really Matter?
28:22 Can Aligners Truly Move Roots,  OrIs It Just Tipping?
33:37 Is Software Innovation Just a Distraction from Aligner Material Limits?
36:15 AI in Orthodontics, Will It Replace Clinical Thinking?
43:00 What Are The Most Misunderstood Concepts in Biomechanics
51:07 The Micro and nano-plastic in Aligners