Aging-US

A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 11, entitled, “Precious1GPT: multimodal transformer-based transfer learning for aging clock development and feature importance analysis for aging and age-related disease target discovery.”

Aging is a complex and multifactorial process that increases the risk of various age-related diseases and there are many aging clocks that can accurately predict chronological age, mortality, and health status. These clocks are disconnected and are rarely fit for therapeutic target discovery.

In this study, researchers Anatoly Urban, Denis Sidorenko, Diana Zagirova, Ekaterina Kozlova, Aleksandr Kalashnikov, Stefan Pushkov, Vladimir Naumov, Viktoria Sarkisova, Geoffrey Ho Duen Leung, Hoi Wing Leung, Frank W. Pun, Ivan V. Ozerov, Alex Aliper, Feng Ren, and Alex Zhavoronkov from Insilico Medicine propose a novel approach to multimodal aging clock, which they call Precious1GPT, utilizing methylation and transcriptomic data for interpretable age prediction and target discovery developed using a transformer-based model and transfer learning for case-control classification.

“To identify aging biomarkers associated with age-related diseases, in the present work, we combined the ability of aging clocks to predict biological age and thus grasp molecular changes accompanied by senescence and our target ID approach to establish genes that are related to the development of diseases.”

While the accuracy of the multimodal transformer is lower within each individual data type, compared to the state of art specialized aging clocks based on methylation or transcriptomic data separately, it may have higher practical utility for target discovery. This method provides the ability to discover novel therapeutic targets that hypothetically may be able to reverse or accelerate biological age providing a pathway for therapeutic drug discovery and validation using the aging clock. In addition, the researchers provided a list of promising targets annotated using the PandaOmics industrial target discovery platform.

“The transformer-based model allowed for the integration of multi-omics data and improved the accuracy of the aging clock, while the transfer learning approach facilitated the identification of disease-related genes in the context of aging.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204788

Corresponding author - Alex Zhavoronkov - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, transformers, deep learning, therapeutic target discovery, aging biomarkers, human aging

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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The Ride for Roswell is one of the nation’s largest cycling events—hosted by Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center—to raise awareness and funds for cancer research and patient care. This charity bike ride, based out of Buffalo, New York, has brought people together for 27 years to celebrate cancer survivors, pay tribute to lives that have been lost, and to work together to support research and find a cure.

When its doors opened in Buffalo in 1898, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center was the first cancer research-focused institution in the world. Today, this institution is one of only four National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers in the state of New York. Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center is ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of the best cancer hospitals in the United States.

The Ride for Roswell started in 1989 when Mitch Flynn, owner of the advertising agency Flynn & Friends, met Katherine Gioia. Katherine was a four-year-old patient battling a rare form of cancer. After Katherine’s death (less than a year after her diagnosis), Katherine’s mother, Anne Gioia, and aunt, Donna Gioia, founded the Roswell Park Alliance Foundation in her memory to raise money for cancer research and treatment. On June 29, 1996, Mitch and Alliance Foundation staff launched the first Ride for Roswell.

In the 27 years since then, thanks to over 127,000 riders and thousands of volunteers, the Ride for Roswell has raised over $67 million to fund cancer research. The event has become one of the largest charity rides in the United States.

Full press release - https://aging-us.net/2023/06/19/aging-sponsors-2023-ride-for-roswell/

Join Team Open Access - give.roswellpark.org/site/TR/Specia…eam&fr_id=1830

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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Drs. Alfredo Franco-Obregón and Brian H. Kennedy from the National University of Singapore detail a research paper they co-authored that was published by Aging (Aging-US) in Volume 15, Issue 6, entitled, “Brief, weekly magnetic muscle therapy improves mobility and lean body mass in older adults: a Southeast Asia community case study.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204597

Corresponding authors - Alfredo Franco-Obregón - [email protected], and Yee Kit Tai - [email protected]

Abstract

Brief (10 min) weekly exposure to low energy pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) has been shown to improve human muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and attenuate systemic lipotoxicity following anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction. Here we present data generated from 101 participants, 62% female, aged 38–91 years, recruited from the QuantumTx Demo Centre in Singapore, wherein 87% of participants (n = 88) presented with pre-existing mobility dysfunction and 13% (n = 13) were healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited if: (i) not pregnant; (ii) above 35 years of age and; (iii) without surgical implants. All participants completed mobility testing, pre- and post- PEMF intervention for 12 weeks, whereas bioelectrical impedance analysis was conducted in a subgroup of 42 and 33 participants at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. Weekly PEMF exposure was associated with significant improvements in mobility (Timed Up and Go, 5 times Sit-to-Stand, and 4m Normal Gait Speed) and body composition (increased skeletal muscle mass and reduced total and visceral fat mass), particularly in the older participants. Perception of pain was also significantly reduced. PEMF therapy may provide a manner to counteract age-associated mobility and metabolic disruptions and merits future investigation in randomized controlled trials to elucidate its clinical benefits in the frail and older adult populations.

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Keywords - aging, sarcopenia, intra-abdominal fat, frailty, muscle weakness, type 2 diabetes mellitus

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us:

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A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 15, Issue 10, entitled, “Key elements of cellular senescence involve transcriptional repression of mitotic and DNA repair genes through the p53-p16/RB-E2F-DREAM complex.”

Cellular senescence is a dynamic stress response process that contributes to aging. From initiation to maintenance, senescent cells continuously undergo complex molecular changes and develop an altered transcriptome. Understanding how the molecular architecture of these cells evolve to sustain their non-proliferative state will open new therapeutic avenues to alleviate or delay the consequences of aging.

In this new study, seeking to understand these molecular changes, researchers Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai, Francesc Miro-Mur, Jaume Alijotas-Reig, Tamar Tchkonia, Simo Schwartz, James L. Kirkland, and Junko Oshima from the University of Washington, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital, and the Mayo Clinic studied the transcriptomic profiles of endothelial replication-induced senescence and senescence induced by the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α. The researchers previously reported gene expressional pattern, pathways, and the mechanisms associated with upregulated genes during TNF-α induced senescence.

“Here, we extend our work and find downregulated gene signatures of both replicative and TNF-α senescence were highly overlapped, involving the decreased expression of several genes associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, recombination, repair, chromatin structure, cellular assembly, and organization.”

The team identified multiple targets of p53/p16-RB-E2F-DREAM that are essential for proliferation, mitotic progression, resolving DNA damage, maintaining chromatin integrity, and DNA synthesis that were repressed in senescent cells. They show that repression of multiple target genes in the p53/p16-RB-E2F-DREAM pathway collectively contributes to the stability of the senescent arrest. Their findings show that the regulatory connection between DREAM and cellular senescence may play a potential role in the aging process.

“This study suggests that the transcriptome signature of senescent cells goes beyond cell cycle arrest, with expression of multiple genes, from cell cycle to DNA repair to chromatin structure, being coordinately repressed to stably lock cells into this essentially non-proliferative state.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204743

Corresponding author - Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, cellular senescence, cell cycle, DREAM complex, DNA repair

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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Dr. Masaya Koshizaka from the Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology at Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, details a research paper he co-authored that was published by Aging (Aging-US) in Volume 15, Issue 9, entitled, “Renal dysfunction, malignant neoplasms, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and sarcopenia as key outcomes observed in a three-year follow-up study using the Werner Syndrome Registry.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204681

Corresponding authors - Masaya Koshizaka - [email protected], and Koutaro Yokote - [email protected]

Transcription - https://aging-us.net/2023/06/09/behind-the-study-key-outcomes-observed-in-follow-up-study-using-the-werner-syndrome-registrybehind-the-study/

Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFqPvtYYTGE

Abstract

Werner syndrome is an adult-onset progeria syndrome that results in various complications. This study aimed to clarify the profile and secular variation of the disease. Fifty-one patients were enrolled and registered in the Werner Syndrome Registry. Their data were collected annually following registration. A cross-sectional analysis at registration and a longitudinal analysis between the baseline and each subsequent year was performed. Pearson's chi-squared and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. Malignant neoplasms were observed from the fifth decade of life (mean onset: 49.7 years) and were observed in approximately 30% of patients during the 3-year survey period. Regarding renal function, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated from serum creatinine (eGFRcre) and eGFRcys, which were calculated from cystatin C in the first year, were 98.3 and 83.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, and differed depending on the index used. In longitudinal analysis, the average eGFRcre for the first and fourth years was 74.8 and 63.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, showing a rapid decline. Secular changes in Werner syndrome in multiple patients were identified. The prevalence of malignant neoplasms is high, and renal function may decline rapidly. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out active and detailed examinations and pay attention to the type and dose of the drugs used.

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Keywords - aging, disease profile, long-term follow-up, malignant neoplasm, renal function, Werner syndrome

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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As we age, our immune system undergoes changes that influence our susceptibility to various diseases. Certain factors, such as smoking, viruses, age, and sex can have differential impacts on our various circulating immune cells. How changes to these immune cells contribute to cardiovascular disease and other age-related diseases is not yet fully understood. More research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and implications.

“Understanding the composition of circulating immune cells with aging and the underlying biologic mechanisms driving aging may provide molecular targets to slow the aging process and reduce age-related disease.”

In a new study, researchers Yuan Fang, Margaret F. Doyle, Jiachen Chen, Jesse Mez, Claudia L. Satizabal, Michael L. Alosco, Wei Qiao Qiu, Kathryn L. Lunetta, and Joanne M. Murabito from Boston University, Boston Medical Center, University of Vermont, and University of Texas Health Science Center aimed to characterize the circulating innate and adaptive immune system by profiling immune cell phenotypes from a community-based cohort. Their research paper was published in Aging’s Volume 15, Issue 10, on April 27, 2023, entitled, “Circulating immune cell phenotypes are associated with age, sex, CMV, and smoking status in the Framingham Heart Study offspring participants.”

“We hypothesize that we will identify immune cell phenotype and ARIP [age-related immune phenotype] measure associations with CMV serostatus, age, and sex, as well as associations with cardiovascular risk factors.”

Full blog - https://aging-us.org/2023/06/the-impact-of-age-sex-cmv-and-smoking-on-circulating-immune-cells/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204686

Corresponding author - Yuan Fang - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, immune cell, CMV, T cells, smoking

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 15, Issue 10, entitled, “DNAmFitAge: biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness.”

Physical fitness is a well-known correlate of health and the aging process and DNA methylation (DNAm) data can capture aging via epigenetic clocks. However, current epigenetic clocks did not yet use measures of mobility, strength, lung, or endurance fitness in their construction.

In this new study, researchers develop blood-based DNAm biomarkers for fitness parameters including gait speed (walking speed), maximum handgrip strength, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) which have modest correlation with fitness parameters in five large-scale validation datasets (average r between 0.16–0.48).

“These parameters were chosen because handgrip strength and VO2max provide insight into the two main categories of fitness: strength and endurance [23], and gait speed and FEV1 provide insight into fitness-related organ function: mobility and lung function [8, 24].”

The researchers then used these DNAm fitness parameter biomarkers with DNAmGrimAge, a DNAm mortality risk estimate, to construct DNAmFitAge, a new biological age indicator that incorporates physical fitness. DNAmFitAge was associated with low-intermediate physical activity levels across validation datasets (p = 6.4E-13), and younger/fitter DNAmFitAge corresponds to stronger DNAm fitness parameters in both males and females.

DNAmFitAge was lower (p = 0.046) and DNAmVO2max is higher (p = 0.023) in male body builders compared to controls. Physically fit people had a younger DNAmFitAge and experienced better age-related outcomes: lower mortality risk (p = 7.2E-51), coronary heart disease risk (p = 2.6E-8), and increased disease-free status (p = 1.1E-7). These new DNAm biomarkers provide researchers a new method to incorporate physical fitness into epigenetic clocks.

“Our newly constructed DNAm biomarkers and DNAmFitAge provide researchers and physicians a new method to incorporate physical fitness into epigenetic clocks and emphasizes the effect lifestyle has on the aging methylome.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204538

Corresponding authors - Kristen M. McGreevy - [email protected], Zsolt Radak - [email protected], and Steve Horvath - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, epigenetics, physical fitness, biological age, DNA methylation

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us:

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A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 15, Issue 9, entitled, “Exogenous exposures shape genetic predisposition to lipids, Alzheimer’s, and coronary heart disease in the MLXIPL gene locus.”

In this new study, researchers Yury Loika, Elena Loiko, Fan Feng, Eric Stallard, Anatoliy I. Yashin, Konstantin Arbeev, Allison L. Kuipers, Mary F. Feitosa, Michael A. Province, and Alexander M. Kulminski from Duke University, University of Pittsburgh and Washington University School of Medicine examined associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MLXIPL lipid gene with Alzheimer’s (AD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and potentially causal mediation effects of their risk factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in two samples of European ancestry from the United States (US) (22,712 individuals 587/2,608 AD/CHD cases) and the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) (232,341 individuals; 809/15,269 AD/CHD cases).

“Our results suggest that these associations can be regulated by several biological mechanisms and shaped by exogenous exposures.”

Two patterns of associations (represented by rs17145750 and rs6967028) were identified. Minor alleles of rs17145750 and rs6967028 demonstrated primary (secondary) association with high TG (lower HDL-C) and high HDL-C (lower TG) levels, respectively. The primary association explained ~50% of the secondary one suggesting partly independent mechanisms of TG and HDL-C regulation. The magnitude of the association of rs17145750 with HDL-C was significantly higher in the US vs. UKB sample and likely related to differences in exogenous exposures in the two countries. rs17145750 demonstrated a significant detrimental indirect effect through TG on AD risk in the UKB only (βIE = 0.015, pIE = 1.9 × 10−3), which suggests protective effects of high TG levels against AD, likely shaped by exogenous exposures.

Also, rs17145750 demonstrated significant protective indirect effects through TG and HDL-C in the associations with CHD in both samples. In contrast, rs6967028 demonstrated an adverse mediation effect through HDL-C on CHD risk in the US sample only (βIE = 0.019, pIE = 8.6 × 10−4). This trade-off suggests different roles of triglyceride mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD and CHD.

“Finally, the results of this study suggest that genetic associations of SNPs from the MLXIPL gene locus with lipids, AD, and CHD are shaped by exogenous exposures. Further study of the related biological mechanisms can help to elucidate the related, modifiable risk factors.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204665

Corresponding authors - Yury Loika - [email protected], and Alexander M. Kulminski - [email protected]

Keywords - aging, MLXIPL, lipids, triglycerides, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) Volume 15, Issue 9, entitled, “Highly multiplexed immune profiling throughout adulthood reveals kinetics of lymphocyte infiltration in the aging mouse prostate.”

Aging is a significant risk factor for disease in several tissues, including the prostate. Defining the kinetics of age-related changes in these tissues is critical for identifying regulators of aging and evaluating interventions to slow the aging process and reduce disease risk. An altered immune microenvironment is characteristic of prostatic aging in mice, but whether features of aging in the prostate emerge predominantly in old age or earlier in adulthood has not previously been established.

In this study, researchers Jonathan J. Fox, Takao Hashimoto, Héctor I. Navarro, Alejandro J. Garcia, Benjamin L. Shou, and Andrew S. Goldstein from the University of California Los Angeles tracked the abundance of 29 immune cell clusters in the aging mouse prostate using highly multiplexed immune profiling and time-course analysis.

“In this study, we characterized how the inflammatory microenvironment of the adult mouse prostate changes during aging using highly-multiplexed single-cell mass cytometry.”

Early in adulthood, myeloid cells comprise the vast majority of immune cells in the 3-month-old mouse prostate. Between 6 and 12 months of age, there is a profound shift towards a T and B lymphocyte-dominant mouse prostate immune microenvironment. Comparing the prostate to other urogenital tissues, the researchers found similar features of age-related inflammation in the mouse bladder but not the kidney.

“In summary, our study offers new insight into the kinetics of prostatic inflammaging and the window when interventions to slow down age-related changes may be most effective.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204708

Corresponding author - Andrew S. Goldstein - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, prostate, immune microenvironment, mass cytometry, inflammation, lymphocyte

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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Blog summary: "Proteostatic modulation in brain aging without associated Alzheimer’s disease-and age-related neuropathological changes."

______________________________________________

A healthy brain continuously produces new proteins to support synaptic plasticity, maintain neuronal health, facilitate signaling pathways, produce neurotransmitters, enable neuroplasticity and adaptation, and meet its metabolic demands. These processes are essential for normal brain function, learning, memory, and overall cognitive abilities. Researchers believe that the dysregulation of proteins is at the core of brain aging. However, the exact recipe for protein dysregulation that leads to accelerated brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders has yet to be brought to light.

Previous brain proteostasis (referring to the maintenance of protein homeostasis in brain cells) studies in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and age-related neuropathological changes have shown protein dysregulation leading to a buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While these studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of brain aging, gaps in our understanding remain. What proteomic characteristics do healthy brain aging individuals—without neurodegenerative disorders—have in common?

“To our knowledge, whole phosphoproteomes centered on the human brain aging without AD pathology are unavailable.”

In a new study, researchers Pol Andrés-Benito, Ignacio Íñigo-Marco, Marta Brullas, Margarita Carmona, José Antonio del Rio, Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Enrique Santamaría, Mónica Povedano, and Isidro Ferrer from Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, and University of Barcelona aimed to shed light on the mechanisms underlying brain aging in the absence of AD pathology and age-related neuropathological changes. Their research paper was published on May 13, 2023, in Aging’s Volume 15, Issue 9, and entitled, “Proteostatic modulation in brain aging without associated Alzheimer’s disease-and age-related neuropathological changes.”

Full blog - https://aging-us.org/2023/05/brain-aging-insights-from-individuals-without-neurodegeneration/

Paper DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204698

Corresponding authors - Isidro Ferrer - [email protected], and Pol Andrés-Benito - [email protected]

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Keywords - aging, brain aging, cytoskeleton, membranes, synapsis, mitochondria, kinases, (phospho)proteomics, proteome

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