A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that artificial intelligence (AI) computer programs can accurately detect differences in the organization of male and female brains at a cellular level. The study used machine learning to analyze thousands of MRI brain scans and identified patterns in the white matter to distinguish biological male and female brains. This understanding of brain structure could lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatments for brain issues and disorders that affect men and women differently. The AI models achieved a high accuracy rate of 92% to 98% in identifying the sex of the brain scans and highlighted the importance of water movement in determining sex. Further research will explore the development of sex-related brain structure differences over time, considering environmental, hormonal, and social factors.