She was England's first queen to rule in her own right, but her name became a byword for tyranny [citation:13]. Mary I, the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, was a woman who had endured a childhood of neglect and humiliation. After her father's divorce, she was declared illegitimate and forced to act as a lady-in-waiting to her infant half-sister, Elizabeth [citation:13]. When she finally took the throne in 1553, she was determined to return England to the Roman Catholic faith, a mission that would define her brief reign and lead to the burning of over 280 Protestants, earning her the posthumous nickname "Bloody Mary" [citation:3][citation:11]. Her five-year rule was marked by religious persecution, a deeply unpopular marriage to Philip II of Spain, and a series of phantom pregnancies that left her without an heir [citation:2][citation:6]. She died in 1558, a lonely and defeated figure, her dream of a Catholic England dying with her.