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The EMT student should have an understanding of the structure and function of the circulatory system, the significance and characteristics of bleeding, the importance of personal protective equipment when treating a bleeding patient, the characteristics of external and internal bleeding, how to conduct a patient assessment, and methodologies for controlling bleeding.

Knowledge Domains:

EMT's should be able to describe the general structure of the circulatory system and the function of its different parts, including the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Explain the significance of bleeding caused by blunt force trauma, including the importance of perfusion and discuss hypovolemic shock as a result of bleeding, including the signs of shock. Students should know the importance of following standard precautions when treating a patient with external bleeding. and describe the characteristics of external bleeding, including the identification of the following types of bleeding: arterial, venous, and capillary. Additionally students should be able to explain how to determine the nature of the illness (NOI) for internal bleeding, including identifying possible traumatic and nontraumatic sources.

Students should know the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding and discuss internal bleeding in terms of the different mechanisms of injury (MOI) and their associated internal bleeding sources. The EMT student should be able to explain how to conduct a primary assessment, including identification of life threats beyond bleeding, ensuring a patent airway, and making a transport decision. Last, students should be able to explain the emergency medical care of the patient with external and internal bleeding.