There are hundreds of incomprehensible systems, many comprised of decomposed microservices which are so vast humans cannot logically fathom their scale. “If one cannot even begin to comprehend a system’s architecture, how they then be tasked with making decisions about where services are located or if their dependencies will work together?” asks Kromhout. This is where developers have to turn to automation to address solutions to these particular issues. If software development teams are trying to solve problems by visualizing entire systems mentally, failure is nearly guaranteed. Building systems at scale requires them to be both resilient and fault tolerant, though Kromhout stresses that trying to architect failure out of a system is futile.