Using the skies to monitor your foe is an essential part of the nuclear age; a task that was made more difficult once the crash of the American U-2 aircraft made it clear that it was too dangerous to use observation aircraft. Starting the story from the dropping of the first atom bomb, Pat Norris explores how and why satellites system such the USA’s CORONA and the USSR’s Zenit 2 were developed and used, before exploring what lessons can be learnt today.

The lecture was addressed to the Royal Aeronautical Society’s Space Group on 13 February 2008 and the podcast was edited by Mike Stanberry FRAeS.