CrashCourse

In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. The revolutionary zeal that had recently created the United States and had taken off Louis XVI's head in France arrived in South America, and a racially diverse group of people who felt more South American than European took over. John covers the soft revolution of Brazil, in which Prince Pedro boldly seized power from his father, but promised to give it back if King João ever returned to Brazil. He also covers the decidedly more violent revolutions in Mexico, Venezuela, and Argentina. Watch the video to see Simón Bolívar's dream of a United South America crushed, even as he manages to liberate a bunch of countries and get two currencies and about a thousand schools and parks named after him.

Chapters:
Introduction: Latin American Revolutions 00:00
Spheres of Influence: Spain, the Catholic Church, and the Patriarchy 0:37
Latin American Culture 2:12
Brazilian Independence 3:29
Mexican Independence 5:31
Venezuelan Independence 7:59
An Open Letter to Simón Bolívar 9:15
The Legacy of the Latin American Revolutions 10:25
Credits 12:49

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Archaeology and anthropology are amazingly interesting fields, but they also have a legacy of dehumanizing and mistreating Native peoples. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll uncover the dark history of Native grave robbing, explore the ways these fields are righting past wrongs, and discover the story of one Inuk’s journey to honor his late father.

Introduction: Minik's Story 00:00
Anthropology & Archaeology 0:45
Native Grave Robbing 1:32
The Death of Qisuk 4:09
Changing Legislation 5:26
Decolonized Archaeology & Anthropology 8:23
Review & Credits 10:21


Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2

***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks
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Hank introduces us to the framework of our bodies, our skeleton, which apart from being the support and protection for all our fleshy parts, is involved in many other vital processes that help our bodies to function properly.

Table of Contents
1) Endoskeleton 2:03
2) Biolography 3:27
3) New Bone Formation 6:36
4) Bone Structure 8:00
5) Bone Remodeling 9:48

References:
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/animals/07-Arthropods.htm
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/Size.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17308163
http://www.shwachmandiamondamerica.org/blood_and_Marrow.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001285/l
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius
http://projectskeletal.tripod.com/Scientists.htm


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The scientific method isn’t the only way to gain knowledge—Native people have been learning and innovating in their own ways for millennia. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll discover the ways Western science and Indigenous knowledge can braid together to create a better world.

Introduction: Trees Talk 00:00
Ways of Knowing 0:42
Medicine Wheels 2:18
Native Innovations 3:27
Braiding Knowledge 4:49
Native Ecology 6:32
Review & Credits 7:49

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2


***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Quinn Harden, SpaceRangerWes, Roger Harms, David Fanska, EllenBryn, Leah H., Gina Mancuso, Emily Beazley, Brandon Thomas, Johnathan Williams, Michael Maher, Shruti S, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Rie Ohta, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, oranjeez, Dalton Williams, Allison Wood, Jason Terpstra, Andrew Woods, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Katrix , UwU, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, Forrest Langseth, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Thomas Sully, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Robby Nevels, Kevin Knupp, Ken Davidian, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Bernardo Garza, Nathan Taylor, Rizwan Kassim, Breanna Bosso, Steve Segreto, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Duncan W Moore IV, Jason Rostoker, Samantha, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, ClareG, Trevin Beattie, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Jennifer Killen, Eric Koslow, Alan Bridgeman, Ken Penttinen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Thomas Greinert, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Triad Terrace, Emily T, Pietro Gagliardi, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Stephen Akuffo, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, team dorsey, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, Erminio Di Lodovico, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Ian Dundore
__

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For the next half of this series, we will be discussing Human Geography — so we’ll still be looking at the Earth, but specifically, how human activity affects and is influenced by the Earth. Naturally, we thought the best place to start was to discuss how we name things in the first place! As it turns out, a name carries so much history of a place but also represents the political power and evolving perception of that space. So today, we’re going to tell the story of the highest point in North America - a mountain known by many names including Mount McKinley and Denali.

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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#CrashCourse #Geography #HumanGeography

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Ideas like liberty, freedom, and self-determination were hot stuff in the late 18th century, as evidenced by our recent revolutionary videos. Although freedom was breaking out all over, many of the societies that were touting these ideas relied on slave labor. Few places in the world relied so heavily on slave labor as Saint-Domingue, France's most profitable colony. Slaves made up nearly 90% of Saint-Domingue's population, and in 1789 they couldn't help but hear about the revolution underway in France. All the talk of liberty, equality, and fraternity sounded pretty good to a person in bondage, and so the slaves rebelled. This led to not one but two revolutions and ended up with France, the rebels, Britain, and Spain all fighting in the territory. Spoiler alert: the slaves won. So how did the slaves of what would become Haiti throw off the yoke of one of the world's great empires? John Green tells how they did it, and what it has meant in Haiti and in the rest of the world.

Chapters:
Introduction: The Haitian Revolution 00:00
The Saint-Domingue Colony 0:30
Slavery in Haiti 3:08
Radical Petit Blancs 4:24
Toussaint L'ouverture Leads Saint-Domingue to Independence 5:37
Revolution Part 2: France Returns 7:45
An Open Letter to Disease 9:10
Haiti Gains Independence 10:13
Why the Haitian Revolutions Matter 10:58
Credits 11:49

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In which John Green teaches you about World War II, and some of the causes behind the war. In a lot of ways, WWII was about resources, especially food. The expansionist aggression of both Germany and Japan was in a lot of ways about resources. There were other reasons, to be sure, but the idea that the Axis needed more food can't be ignored.

Citation 1: Lizzie Collingham. The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food. Penguin. New York. 2011. p 30
Citation 2: Collingham. p 102

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Learn more about WWII in these other Crash Course videos:
Crash Course World History:
World War II (#38): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COTwT7nE

Crash Course US History:
World War II Part 1 (#35): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad6rG6U
World War II Part 2 (#36): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HofnGQwPgqs

Crash Course European History:
World War II (#38): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hs_JMydrxZM
World War II Civilians and Soldiers (#39): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlx6ur_D51s
The Holocaust, Genocides, and Mass Murder of WWII (#40): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQeDvnapdlg
Post-World War II Recovery (#42): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlp068CmQaE

Crash Course Black American History:
World War II (#31): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7wrwPnQVg4
---

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What does food sovereignty mean—and why does it matter? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how Native peoples’ deep ties to their traditional foods splintered under colonization, and why many Native people are fighting to keep those foods in their communities or bring them back.

Introduction: Billy Frank Jr. 00:00
Traditional Foods 01:00
Food & Colonization 02:46
The Fish Wars 04:36
Frybread & Food Sovereignty 06:55
Food Sovereignty Today 08:27
Review & Credits 09:27


Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2


***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
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Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Quinn Harden, SpaceRangerWes, Roger Harms, David Fanska, EllenBryn, Leah H., Gina Mancuso, Emily Beazley, Brandon Thomas, Johnathan Williams, Michael Maher, Shruti S, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Rie Ohta, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, oranjeez, Dalton Williams, Allison Wood, Jason Terpstra, Andrew Woods, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Katrix , UwU, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, Forrest Langseth, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Thomas Sully, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Robby Nevels, Kevin Knupp, Ken Davidian, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Bernardo Garza, Nathan Taylor, Rizwan Kassim, Breanna Bosso, Steve Segreto, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Duncan W Moore IV, Jason Rostoker, Samantha, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, ClareG, Trevin Beattie, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Jennifer Killen, Eric Koslow, Alan Bridgeman, Ken Penttinen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Thomas Greinert, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Triad Terrace, Emily T, Pietro Gagliardi, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Stephen Akuffo, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, team dorsey, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, Erminio Di Lodovico, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Ian Dundore
__

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Hank takes us on a fascinating journey through our excretory system to learn how our kidneys make pee.

References
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookexcret.html
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/v/the-kidney-and-nephron
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.

Table of Contents
1) Homeostasis & Osmoregulation 00:00
2) Urea & Uric Acid 01:30
3) Kidneys 02:49
4) Nephron 03:40
5) Glomerulus 4:15
6) Bowman's Capsule 04:25
7) Proximal Convoluted Tubule 04:49
8) Biolography 06:16
9) Loop of Henle 07:36
10) Distal Convoluted Tubule 09:23
11) Collecting Ducts 09:57
12) Ureters, Bladder & Urethra 10:45

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…and drastically changed the lives of Native Americans forever. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll unpack misconceptions around first contact between Europeans and Natives and explore how Native peoples are still resisting colonialism today.

Introduction: The Taíno 00:00
First Contact 0:46
The Doctrine of Discovery 3:16
"Virgin Soil" Epidemics 4:40
The California Genocide 6:00
Native Resistance 6:46
The Taíno Today 9:17
Review & Credits 11:21


Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2


***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
AThirstyPhilosopher ., Leah H., Jason Terpstra, Matthew Fredericksen, Roger Harms, Quinn Harden, Dalton Williams, Michael Maher, Allison Wood, Katrix , Chelsea S, Rie Ohta, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, Mitch Gresko, Katie Hoban, Reed Spilmann, EllenBryn, Evan Nelson, Elizabeth LaBelle, UwU, Kevin Knupp, SpaceRangerWes, Johnathan Williams, Ken Davidian, oranjeez, Barbara Pettersen, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Brandon Thomas, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Jack Hart, Thomas Sully, Shruti S, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Ian Dundore, Eric Koslow, Erminio Di Lodovico, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Emily T, team dorsey, Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Barrett Nuzum, Samantha, Ken Penttinen, ClareG, Toni Miles, Scott Harrison, Pietro Gagliardi, Matt Curls, Wai Jack Sin, Liz Wdow, Perry Joyce, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Stephen Akuffo, Constance Urist, Siobhán, Nathan Taylor, Tanner Hedrick, Jason Buster, Duncan W Moore IV, Les Aker, Jason Rostoker, John Lee, Laurel Stevens, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Bernardo Garza, Rizwan Kassim, Jennifer Killen, Krystle Young, Katie Dean, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Caleb Weeks, Tandy Ratliff, Luke Sluder, Evol Hong
__

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