Curiosity Weekly

Learn about why “everyday sadism” might help explain trolling and bullying; why our quality of sleep is worse during lockdown (and how to fix it); and a breakthrough random number generation algorithm that could help researchers analyze complex systems. Plus: Cody nerds out about Games Done Quick and video game speed runs!

Blame "everyday sadism" for trolling, bullying, and violent crime by Kelsey Donk

• Foulkes, L. (2020) Ever taken pleasure in another’s pain? That’s ‘everyday sadism’ | Psyche Ideas. https://psyche.co/ideas/ever-taken-pleasure-in-anothers-pain-thats-everyday-sadism
• Tran, U. S., Bertl, B., Kossmeier, M., Pietschnig, J., Stieger, S., & Voracek, M. (2018). “I’ll teach you differences”: Taxometric analysis of the Dark Triad, trait sadism, and the Dark Core of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 126, 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.015
• Buckels, E. E., Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Behavioral Confirmation of Everyday Sadism. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2201–2209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613490749
• van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Toprak, F., & Vedder, P. (2017). Which personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying? A study with the Big Five, Dark Triad and sadism. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.063

Our sleep during lockdown is more regular, but lower quality (and there's a fix) by Kelsey Donk

• Our sleep during lockdown: Longer and more regular, but worse. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/uob-osd061220.php
• Blume C, Schmidt MH, Cajochen C. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on human sleep and rest-activity rhythms. Current Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.021

New MIT algorithm can simulate a roll of loaded dice — and that could help analyze complex systems by Grant Currin

• Nadis, S. (2020, May 28). Algorithm quickly simulates a roll of loaded dice. MIT News. http://news.mit.edu/2020/algorithm-simulates-roll-loaded-dice-0528
• Saad, Feras A, Freer, C. E., Rinard, M. C., & Mansinghka, Vikash K. (2020). The Fast Loaded Dice Roller: A Near-Optimal Exact Sampler for Discrete Probability Distributions. ArXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03830

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/blame-trolling-on-everyday-sadism-how-to-sleep-better-during-lockdown-and-a-breakthrough-in-random-number-generation

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Learn about how saturated fat can make it harder for you to focus; why it matters that animals have regional accents; and why Mars used to have rings.

A single meal high in saturated fat could make it harder to focus by Kelsey Donk

• Our ability to focus may falter after eating one meal high in saturated fat. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/osu-oat051220.php
• Madison, A. A., Belury, M. A., Andridge, R., Shrout, M. R., Renna, M. E., Malarkey, W. B., Bailey, M. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2020). Afternoon distraction: a high-saturated-fat meal and endotoxemia impact postmeal attention in a randomized crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111(6), 1150–1158. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa085

Many Animals Have Regional Accents by Samantha Suarez

• Whales With Caribbean Accents and Other Animal Dialects. (2016, February 27). Nationalgeographic.com. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/02/160227-animals-communication-sperm-whales-dialects-science/
• Geib, C. (2017, June 20). How Animals Develop Regional Accents. Atlas Obscura; Atlas Obscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/animal-accents-dialects
• Geggel, L. (2014, October 10). Killer Whales Learn How to Speak Dolphin. Livescience.com; Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/48231-killer-whales-talk-like-dolphins.html
• Kat Chow. (2013, December 30). Make It So: Sir Patrick Stewart Moos In Udder Accents. NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/30/258393176/make-it-so-sir-patrick-stewart-moos-in-udder-accents

Four of the eight planets have rings. Mars used to be the fifth. by Cameron Duke

• Ćuk, M., Minton, D. A., Pouplin, J. L. L., & Wishard, C. (2020). Evidence for a Past Martian Ring from the Orbital Inclination of Deimos. ArXiv:2006.00645 [Astro-Ph]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.00645
• Hesselbrock, A. J., & Minton, D. A. (2017). An ongoing satellite–ring cycle of Mars and the origins of Phobos and Deimos. Nature Geoscience, 10(4), 266–269. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2916
• Williams, M. (2016, June 24). Which Planets Have Rings? Universe Today. https://www.universetoday.com/77109/which-planets-have-rings
• Martian Moon’s Orbit Hints at an Ancient Ring of Mars | SETI Institute. (2020). Seti.org. https://www.seti.org/press-release/martian-moons-orbit-hints-ancient-ring-mars
• Illustration Comparing Apparent Sizes of Moons. (2013). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia17351.html#.XueL8mpKgl4

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/saturated-fat-could-kill-your-focus-animals-have-regional-accents-and-rings-around-mars

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Learn about how the meaning maintenance model explains the way our brains make sense of the nonsensical; and how the black hole information paradox may be explained by black holes acting like holograms. Plus: June’s Curiosity Challenge trivia segment!

How do we make sense of the nonsensical? Meet the "meaning maintenance model" by Kelsey Donk

• Robson, D. (May 2020). A touch of absurdity can help to wrap your mind around reality. Psyche Ideas. https://psyche.co/ideas/a-touch-of-absurdity-can-help-to-wrap-your-mind-around-reality
• Meaning Maintenance Model - IResearchNet. (2016, January 13). Psychology. http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-cognition/meaning-maintenance-model/
• Heine, S. J., Proulx, T., & Vohs, K. D. (2006). The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(2), 88–110. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_1

Black holes might work like holograms by Grant Currin

• Black holes? They are like a hologram. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/sisd-bht060320.php
• Ouellette, J. (2020, June 4). Nature’s cosmic hard drive? Black holes could store information like holograms. Ars Technica; Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/06/natures-cosmic-hard-drive-black-holes-could-store-information-like-holograms/
• Pando, L. A. (2020). A Microscopic Account of Black Hole Entropy. Physics, 13. https://physics.aps.org/articles/v13/80
• Benini, F., & Milan, P. (2020). Black Holes in 4D N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Field Theory. Physical Review X, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.10.021037
• Referenced episode: https://curiositydaily.com/what-is-the-grand-unified-field-theory-w-dr-adam-becker-should-you-wad-or-fold-toilet-paper-and-why-you-judge-your-own-hoarding-differently/

Episodes referenced in Curiosity Daily trivia segment with Julian in Los Angeles

• Fighting Coronavirus with Llamas, Why Rain Stops Rocket Launches, and Listener Questions About Cold Things https://curiositydaily.com/fighting-coronavirus-with-llamas-why-rain-stops-rocket-launches-and-listener-questions-about-cold-things/
• Hope in the Fight Against Climate Change (w/ Katharine Hayhoe) and Overcoming Bedtime Procrastination https://curiositydaily.com/hope-in-the-fight-against-climate-change-w-katharine-hayhoe-and-overcoming-bedtime-procrastination/
• Why Rainy Days Make You Sleepy, A Fix for AI’s Energy Appetite, and Solving Geology’s Mystery of the “Great Unconformity” https://curiositydaily.com/why-rainy-days-make-you-sleepy-a-fix-for-ais-energy-appetite-and-solving-geologys-mystery-of-the-great-unconformity/

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/black-hole-holograms-how-we-make-sense-of-the-nonsensical-and-junes-curiosity-challenge

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Learn about how archaeologists used ground-penetrating radar to map an entire Roman city underground without digging; the gross but cutting-edge science of creating human hair in a lab; and why you see way less color than you probably think.

Archaeologists mapped an entire Roman city underground WITHOUT DIGGING (Falerii Novi) by Grant Currin

• Entire Roman city revealed without any digging. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/uoc-erc060320.php
• Verdonck, L., Launaro, A., Vermeulen, F., & Millett, M. (2020). Ground-penetrating radar survey at Falerii Novi: a new approach to the study of Roman cities. Antiquity, 94(375), 705–723. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.82

We can create human hair in the lab by Grant Currin

• Hairy, lab-grown human skin cell model could advance hair loss research. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/ohs-hlh060320.php
• Lab-made skin grows its own hair. (2020). Nature Podcast. https://play.acast.com/s/nature/bda63f64-1f71-4c08-9ac2-85fb80d576b9
• Lee, J., Rabbani, C. C., Gao, H., Steinhart, M. R., Woodruff, B. M., Pflum, Z. E., Kim, A., Heller, S., Liu, Y., Shipchandler, T. Z., & Koehler, K. R. (2020). Hair-bearing human skin generated entirely from pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 582(7812), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2352-3

You see way less color than you think by Grant Currin

• Our visual world of color is largely incorrect, study finds. (2020). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200608163440.htm
• Neuroskeptic. (2020, May 30). How Much Color Do We Really See? Discover Magazine; Discover Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/how-much-color-do-we-really-see
• Cohen, M. A., & Rubenstein, J. (2020). How much color do we see in the blink of an eye? Cognition, 200, 104268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104268
• Cohen, M. A., Botch, T. L., Robertson, C.E. (June 2020). The limits of color awareness during active, real-world vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (24) 13821-13827. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922294117

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/human-hair-was-created-in-a-lab-you-see-less-color-than-you-think-and-mapping-an-underground-city-without-digging

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Learn about how scientists analyzed fast radio bursts to find the “missing matter” in the universe; why “discretion elimination” is more effective than implicit bias training; and how the femme fatale firefly lures mates to their doom.

Scientists have found the 'missing matter' in the universe by Grant Currin

• Half the universe’s ordinary matter was missing — and may have been found. (2020, May 27). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/universe-missing-matter-found-fast-radio-bursts
• Macquart, J.-P., Prochaska, J. X., McQuinn, M., Bannister, K. W., Bhandari, S., Day, C. K., Deller, A. T., Ekers, R. D., James, C. W., Marnoch, L., Osłowski, S., Phillips, C., Ryder, S. D., Scott, D. R., Shannon, R. M., & Tejos, N. (2020). A census of baryons in the Universe from localized fast radio bursts. Nature, 581(7809), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2300-2

"Discretion elimination" is better than training for correcting implicit bias by Steffie Drucker

• Understanding Implicit Bias. (2017). Osu.edu. http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
• Curbing implicit bias: what works and what doesn’t. (2020, June). Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews. https://www.knowablemagazine.org/article/mind/2020/how-to-curb-implicit-bias
• Why Diversity Training Isn’t Enough. (2020, January 7). The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/156032/diversity-training-isnt-enough-pamela-newkirk-robin-diangelo-books-reviews?fbclid=IwAR1-G0hqTr9qupfHunCQOvKW2Vl4UWg1Y8R0scmVSOZTnJcNFX05jqzWPj4
• Goldin, C., & Rouse, C. (2000). Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians. American Economic Review, 90(4), 715–741. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.715
• Robertson, C., Shima Baughman, & Sunita Sah. (2016, October 13). One step toward making criminal justice less biased. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/one-step-toward-making-criminal-justice-less-biased-65022

The femme fatale firefly lures males to their doom by Cameron Duke

• How and why do fireflies light up? (2005, September 5). Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-and-why-do-fireflies/
• Cheyenne McKinley,Sarah Lower. (2019, May 16). 11 Cool Things You Never Knew about Fireflies. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/11-cool-things-you-never-knew-about-fireflies/
• So ... Sometimes Fireflies Eat Other Fireflies | KQED. (2018, February 27). KQED. https://www.kqed.org/science/1919946/so-sometimes-fireflies-eat-other-fireflies
• EarthSky. (2015). Why do fireflies light up? | EarthSky.org. https://earthsky.org/earth/bugs-firefly-light

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/a-better-way-to-stop-implicit-bias-the-murderous-femme-fatale-firefly-and-finding-the-universes-missing-matter

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Dr. Lloyd Minor, Dean of the Stanford University School of Medicine, explains how wearables and AI analytics are changing medicine. But first, you’ll learn about the strange things that happen in your brain after a breakup.

Here's what happens in your brain after a breakup by Kelsey Donk

• Lee, C. (2020). Why is it so hard to forgive an ex? Bbc.com. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200608-why-is-it-so-hard-to-forgive-an-ex
• Fisher, H. (2004) Dumped! New Scientist. http://www.helenfisher.com/downloads/articles/03dumped.pdf
• Reward, Addiction, and Emotion Regulation Systems Associated With Rejection in Love | Journal of Neurophysiology. (2010). Journal of Neurophysiology. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00784.2009

Additional resources from Dr. Lloyd Minor:

• Pick up “Discovering Precision Health: Predict, Prevent, and Cure to Advance Health and Well-Being” on Amazon https://amazon.com
• Apple Heart Study https://med.stanford.edu/appleheartstudy.html
• Apple Heart Study: Assessment of Wristwatch-Based Photoplethysmography to Identify Cardiac Arrhythmias - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov. (2017). Clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03335800
• Stanford profile https://profiles.stanford.edu/lloyd-minor
• Stanford University School of Medicine bio http://med.stanford.edu/school/leadership/dean.html
• Follow @lloydbminor on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/lloydbminor/

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/wearables-and-ai-analytics-are-changing-medicine-w-dr-lloyd-minor-and-what-happens-to-your-brain-after-a-breakup

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Learn about whether summer will help or hurt the coronavirus pandemic; why so many Mars missions like Mars 2020 are launching this summer; and how you might inspire yourself to exercise more by copying your friends.

Will summer help or hurt the COVID-19 pandemic? by Andrea Michelson

• Heat and humidity battle sunshine for influence over the spread of COVID-19, research. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/mu-hah060920.php
• Paez, A., Lopez, F. A., Menezes, T., Cavalcanti, R., & Pitta, M. G. da R. (2020). A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain. Geographical Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12241

Why so many Mars missions are launching this summer by Cameron Duke

• Jones, A. (2020). Here’s Where and How We Think China Will Land on Mars. IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/aerospace/robotic-exploration/where-how-china-mars-mission-news
• Emirates Mars Mission (Hope). (2020). Nasa.gov. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EMM-HOPE
• July 2019, M. W. 25. (n.d.). 4 Mars Missions Are One Year Away from Launching to the Red Planet in July 2020. Space.Com. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from https://www.space.com/4-mars-missions-one-year-from-july-2020-launch.html
• Let’s Go to Mars! Calculating Launch Windows Activity | NASA/JPL Edu. (2019, November 19). NASA/JPL Edu. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/teach/activity/lets-go-to-mars-calculating-launch-windows/
• NASA - Aiming for an Open Window. (2011). Nasa.gov. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/launchwindows.html
• What is a “launch window”? (2013). Esa.int. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/What_is_a_launch_window

Copying your friends' workout strategies may help you exercise more by Steffie Drucker

• Struggling To Stick To A Workout Routine? Copying Your Friends Might Help. (2020, June 11). Research Digest; Research Digest. https://digest.bps.org.uk/2020/06/11/struggling-to-stick-to-a-workout-routine-copying-your-friends-might-help/
• Copy-Paste Prompts: A New Nudge to Promote Goal Achievement | Journal of the Association for Consumer Research: Ahead of Print. (2020). Journal of the Association for Consumer Research. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/708880

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/how-summer-affects-covid-19-why-so-many-mars-missions-are-launching-in-july-and-exercise-more-by-copying-your-friends

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Learn about the right and wrong way to approach an argument; evidence that dogs really do want to rescue you; and how blind people dream.

Don't argue to win, argue to learn by Kelsey Donk

• Fisher, M., Knobe, J., Strickland, B., & Keil, F. C. (2016). The Influence of Social Interaction on Intuitions of Objectivity and Subjectivity. Cognitive Science, 41(4), 1119–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12380
• Are Toxic Political Conversations Changing How We Feel about Objective Truth? (2018). Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-toxic-political-conversations-changing-how-we-feel-about-objective-truth/
• You’re wrong because I’m right: Why arguing to win is a losing strategy for all — the behaviorist. (2020, January 23). The Behaviorist. https://www.behaviorist.biz/oh-behave-a-blog/argue-to-learn

Dogs really do want to rescue you, it's science by Kelsey Donk

• Yes, your dog wants to rescue you. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/asu-yyd052820.php
• Van Bourg, J., Patterson, J. E., & Wynne, C. D. L. (2020). Pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) release their trapped and distressed owners: Individual variation and evidence of emotional contagion. PLOS ONE, 15(4), e0231742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231742

Do blind people have dreams? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Aakash)

• Meaidi, A., Jennum, P., Ptito, M., & Kupers, R. (2014). The sensory construction of dreams and nightmare frequency in congenitally blind and late blind individuals. Sleep Medicine, 15(5), 586–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.008
• Zadra A., Domhoff W.G. (2016). Dream content: Quantitative findings. In: Kryger M. Roth N., & Dement, W.C. (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 6th Edition. https://antoniozadra.com/sites/default/files/biblio/zadra_dream_content_ch_50_main.pdf
• The Tommy Edison Experience Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCld5SlwHrXgAYRE83WJOPCw

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/why-you-should-argue-to-learn-dogs-want-to-rescue-you-and-do-blind-people-dream

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Learn about what Neanderthal genes might be doing in your DNA; Guido d’Arezzo, the 11th-century Benedictine monk who invented “Do, Re, Mi” notation, or solfège; and how photosynthesis killed off 99 percent of life on Earth during the the Great Oxygenation Event.

How Neanderthal genes might be influencing your skin, mood, and immune system by Andrea Michelson

• Genetic data on half a million Brits reveal ongoing evolution and Neanderthal legacy. (2019, January 3). Genetic data on half a million Brits reveal ongoing evolution and Neanderthal legacy. Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/genetic-data-half-million-brits-reveal-ongoing-evolution-and-neanderthal-legacy
• Modern humans inherited viral defenses from Neanderthals. (2018, October 4). Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2018-10-modern-humans-inherited-viral-defenses.html
• Akst, J. (2019, September). Neanderthal DNA in Modern Human Genomes Is Not Silent. The Scientist Magazine. https://www.the-scientist.com/features/neanderthal-dna-in-modern-human-genomes-is-not-silent-66299
• Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. (2010, March). Homo neanderthalensis. The Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins Program. https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensis

"Do, Re, Mi" Notation Was Invented by One Man 1,000 Years Ago by Reuben Westmaas

• Guido d’Arezzo | Italian musician | Britannica. (2020). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guido-dArezzo-Italian-musician
• Liturgical Year : Activities : Hymn: Ut queant laxis (text). (2011). Catholicculture.org. https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/activities/view.cfm?id=1128
• Reisenweaver, A.J. (2012). Guido of Arezzo and His Influence on Music Learning. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Guido-of-Arezzo-and-His-Influence-on-Music-Learning-Reisenweaver/bf534cc325162c9503f586bbd8d744ee5e7b37e4
• Magill, F. N., Aves, A. (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

The time that photosynthesis killed off 99% of life on Earth by Cameron Duke

• Kendall, B. (2013, March 18). Earth’s oxygen revolution. Wat on Earth. https://uwaterloo.ca/wat-on-earth/news/earths-oxygen-revolution
• Great Oxidation Event: More oxygen through multicellularity. (2013). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130117084856.htm
• Marshall, M. (2009). Timeline: The evolution of life. New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17453-timeline-the-evolution-of-life/
• Plait, P. (2014, July 28). When a Species Poisons an Entire Planet. Slate Magazine. https://slate.com/technology/2014/07/the-great-oxygenation-event-the-earths-first-mass-extinction.html
• Tarlach, G. (2018, July 19). The Five Mass Extinctions That Have Swept Our Planet. Discover Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/mass-extinctions

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/what-neanderthal-genes-are-doing-in-your-dna-the-time-photosynthesis-killed-nearly-all-life-on-earth-and-the-inventor-of-do-re-mi-notation

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Learn about how qualified immunity prevents police misconduct from being punished; why we’re due for “wandering star” Gliese 710 to visit our solar system soon; and what studying prairie voles can teach us about successful long-lasting relationships.

Qualified immunity is why police misconduct is rarely punished by Kelsey Donk

• Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335 (1986). Justia Law. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/475/335/#tab-opinion-1956513
• Stoughton, S. W., Noble, J. J., & Alpert, G. P. (2020, June 3). How to Actually Fix America’s Police. The Atlantic; The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/how-actually-fix-americas-police/612520/
• Ali, A.H., Clark, E. (2019). Qualified Immunity: Explained. The Appeal. https://theappeal.org/qualified-immunity-explained/
• Sibilla, N. (2020, June 10). New Bill Would Abolish Qualified Immunity, Make It Easier To Sue Cops Who Violate Civil Rights. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicksibilla/2020/06/03/new-bill-would-abolish-qualified-immunity-make-it-easier-to-sue-cops-who-violate-civil-rights/#7aa4d6fa6fbc
• Millhiser, I. (2020, June 16). The Supreme Court quietly handed down fantastic news for violent cops. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2020/6/16/21292102/supreme-court-qualified-immunity-police-violence-clarence-thomas

Wandering stars "visit" our solar system every so often, and we're due for another by Grant Currin

• Berski, F., & Dybczyński, P. A. (2016). Gliese 710 will pass the Sun even closer. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 595, L10. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629835
• Betz, E. (2020, May 21). Wandering Stars Pass Near Our Solar System Surprisingly Often. Discover Magazine; Discover Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/wandering-stars-pass-near-our-solar-system-surprisingly-often
• Mamajek, E. E., Barenfeld, S. A., Ivanov, V. D., Kniazev, A. Y., Väisänen, P., Beletsky, Y., & Boffin, H. M. J. (2015). THE CLOSEST KNOWN FLYBY OF A STAR TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM. The Astrophysical Journal, 800(1), L17. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/l17
• Bennett, J. (2018, March 26). How a Passing Star 70,000 Years Ago Changed the Solar System. Popular Mechanics; Popular Mechanics. https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/solar-system/a19574767/passing-star-nudged-solar-system-70000-years-ago-may-have-sent-comets-flying-in/

Prairie vole study suggests longing is a key ingredient in long-lasting relationships by Grant Currin

• Are our brains hard-wired for longing? (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/uoca-aob051120.php
• Scribner, J. L., Vance, E. A., Protter, D. S. W., Sheeran, W. M., Saslow, E., Cameron, R. T., Klein, E. M., Jimenez, J. C., Kheirbek, M. A., & Donaldson, Z. R. (2020). A neuronal signature for monogamous reunion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(20), 11076–11084. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917287117
• Tucker, A. (2014, January 22). What Can Rodents Tell Us About Why Humans Love? Smithsonian Magazine; Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-can-rodents-tell-us-about-why-humans-love-180949441/

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/qualified-immunity-in-police-misconduct-why-longing-is-important-in-relationships-and-wandering-stars-regularly-visit-our-solar-system

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