Daily Bitachon: The Power of Daily Contemplation Welcome to Daily Bitachon. We spoke in the previous class on the three approaches to strengthening our emuna (faith): Seeing God through Torah Seeing God through creation Seeing miracles like that of Yetziat Mitzrayim (the Exodus from Egypt) Today, we're going to talk about the need to do this every single day. 1. Remembering Ma'amad Har Sinai (The Standing at Mount Sinai) When it comes to remembering Ma'amad Har Sinai , it says in Devarim 4:9 : רק השמר לך ושמר נפשך מאד "Beware," פן תשכח את הדברים אשר ראו עיניך "lest you forget the things you saw with your eyes," ופן יסורו מלבבך כל ימי חייך "and should never leave your heart all the days of your life," והודעתם לבניך ולבני בניך "and tell your children and grandchildren." What are we talking about? יום אשר עמדת לפני ה' אלקיך בחורב —The day you stood in front of Hashem at Har Chorev (which is Har Sinai) when He gave you the Ten Commandments. You see over here, the Ramban in his count of the mitzvot says you have to remember Har Sinai every single day. The Rambam in his Iggeret Teiman says the same thing: We have to remember Har Sinai every single day. 2. Finding God in Creation When it comes to finding God in creation, Devarim 4:39 states: וידעת היום והשבת אל לבבך כי ה' הוא האלהים בשמים ממעל ועל הארץ מתחת אין עוד "Know today and place on your heart that Hashem is God in the heavens above and the land below, there's no one but Him." As we quoted, Rabbeinu Yonah ( Sha'arei Teshuva , the third gate, letter 17) says this is the source that we must delve into the greatness of God and be maskil —to contemplate God in creation. Rabbeinu Bachya , commenting on this same pasuk in Devarim 4:39, also tells us it's a mitzvat asseh (positive commandment) from the Torah. What's the command? Lada'at oto (to know Him) ve-lachdor al achduto (and to delve into His oneness), ולא לסמוך על הקבלה בלבד —don't just rely on tradition. You have to look into His actions and His creations. Why does it say levavecha (your heart) with two beits ? As we know, the two beits refer to the yetzer tov (good inclination) and the yetzer hara (evil inclination). What does that mean? It means you have a yetzer hara inside of you that is going to pull you away and question your emuna . You have to engage in that internal battle and convince the darker side, so to say, that there is a God. Now, what's interesting is that Rabbeinu Yonah and Rabbeinu Bachya both count this as a mitzvah . What about the Rambam ? Rav Yeruchem Fishel Perla , in his commentary on the Rav Saadia Gaon (Mitzvah 3), says the Rambam holds like that as well. Of course this is a mitzvah ! He just doesn't count it from this specific pasuk because, as we mentioned, the Rambam considers that part of the general mitzvah of Ve-ahavta et Hashem Elokecha ("And you shall love Hashem your God"). I don't have to tell you to look into God in creation; I have to tell you to love Him, and looking into creation is the way to love Him. Included in the mitzvah to love God is obviously to contemplate creation and Torah in order to come to that love. On that pasuk , the Ohr HaChaim HaKadosh says Ve-yadata hayom means she-be-chol yom —every single day. Every single day you have to contemplate God. 3. Remembering Yetziat Mitzrayim Yetziat Mitzrayim. Obviously, we know this is required every day because it says in Devarim 16:3 : למען תזכור את יום צאתך מארץ מצרים כל ימי חייך "Remember the day you got out of Egypt all the days of your life." So every single day you have to remember Har Sinai, every single day you have to find God in creation, and every single day you have to remember Yetziat Mitzrayim. These three pillars have to be done every single day. Keeping It Fresh: "Hot Off the Press" If we look at the pasuk of Ve-ahavta (Perek 6, Pasuk 5-6), it says: ואהבת את ה' אלקיך בכל לבבך... והיו הדברים האלה אשר אנכי מצוך היום על לבבך . "And you shall love Hashem your God with all your heart... And these words that I command you today should be on your heart." Rashi explains that through having the words of the Torah on your heart, you recognize God and connect to Him. And regarding the phrase "that I command you today," Rashi says it shouldn't be viewed like an old decree or an old letter that you don't care to look at. It should be brand new—like hot-off-the-press news that everyone runs to read, not yesterday's newspaper. Every single day when you read Kriyat Shema , it should be fresh and new. How do you do that? Well, if every single day you contemplate God in creation and contemplate Him in your Torah, you find a fresh, new excitement about Hashem. You say, "Wow, I didn't realize that wonder of creation before... I didn't realize that wonder in the Torah... I didn't fully appreciate Yetziat Mitzrayim until now." That is the daily aspect. The Warning of Yeshayahu Any time we talk about a daily obligation, this is God's concept of daily. How far does it go? Look at Yeshayahu (Perek 5, Pasuk 11-13) : "Woe to those who rise early in the morning to pursue liquor, who stay up late at night while wine inflames them. There are harp and lyre and drum and flute and wine at their drinking parties, but they would not contemplate the deed of Hashem and would not look at His handiwork. Therefore My people is being exiled because of ignorance, its honored ones dying of starvation, its multitude parched from thirst." Why is that? What kind of punishment is going into exile just because you get up late or party? Rashi asks: What does it mean that they didn't look into God's handiwork? Rashi explains: לא קלסו שחרית יוצר אור ולא ערבית המערב ערבים They did not say Birchot Kriyat Shema (the blessings of Shema) in the morning and at night. That is the daily contemplation that we need, and the lack of it brought the Churban (destruction). It's unbelievable. The Sefer Barak Hashachar (Habata- Reiya) comments that this is why the pasuk uses a double language: פועל השם לא יביטו ומעשה ידיו לא ראו ( "They look not at the deed of Hashem, nor see the work of His hands" ). One is for the morning, and one is for the evening. Yabbitu (look carefully): Relates to po'al Hashem (the deeds of Hashem), which means Hashem's Hashgacha (divine providence). That requires deeper contemplation. Ra'u (see): Relates to ma'aseh yadav (His handiwork). That is obvious; what He did in creation should be readily seen. The Secret to Human Nature: Finding the Right Thrill The Chatam Sofer points out that this is actually reflected in a pasuk we read right before the month of Elul ( Devarim 11:26-28 ): ראה אנכי נותן לפניכם היום ברכה וקללה "See, I am placing in front of you today a blessing and a curse." As we know, we pray to end the year and its curses, and begin the new year and its blessings. What does the blessing come for? It comes if you listen to the mitzvot אשר אנכי מצוה אתכם היום —the mitzvot that I command you today , meaning they are fresh and exciting to you. And what does the curse come from? If you don't listen to the mitzvot that I commanded you today , and you stray to follow other gods. The Chatam Sofer asks a powerful question: why? If I do everything right, but the words of Torah just aren't fresh in my eyes, I get cursed? And why does the pasuk immediately connect a lack of freshness to straying after strange gods? He answers based on human nature: We inherently crave things that are new and exciting. Torah is only exciting to you if it feels like the day you received it at Har Sinai; only then do you get excited by it and enjoy it. But if you don't enjoy the Chidushim (new insights) of Torah, or the Chidush in the Beriya (creation), or the Chidush of Yetziat Mitzrayim, then what's going to happen? You're going to look for other types of Chidushim —other types of new and exciting thrills. Everyone needs a thrill! If you don't get your thrill and excitement in the newness and freshness of Torah, you're going to look for it somewhere else. You're going to look for the next new religion, the new "ism," or whatever else it may be. Therefore, the ultimate key to our success is our dedicated, daily contemplation in all three of these areas: Torah, Creation, and Yetziat Mitzrayim.

Introduction to the Fundamentals of Emunah Welcome to our daily Bitachon class. As a continuation of our topic on Sha'ar HaBechinah (The Gate of Reflection), we are now going to discuss the fundamentals of Emunah —the ways in which we attain a clear recognition of God. To begin, there are three fundamental paths through which we recognize God. The first—in no specific order—is through creation, which we explored during our six months studying Sha'ar HaBechinah . The Chovot HaLevavot teaches us that the most direct and simplest way to understand God's Yichud (His oneness and exclusivity) is by delving into creation. This is why Sha'ar HaBechinah is placed as the second gate of the book. The first gate, Sha'ar HaYichud , is highly philosophical and is not commonly learned today; the Chovot HaLevavot itself suggests that we focus our attention on Bechinah instead. The second path through which we find God is through His Torah. God revealed His will and His desires for the world through the Torah. Recognizing His will allows us to fulfill the dictate of Vehallachta Bedrachav —to walk in His ways, which are the ways of the Torah. The third path is through His involvement in the world. We can look at this dimension through various lenses: Hashgacha Pratit (Divine providence), Sechar VeOnesh (reward and punishment), or open miracles. Whether hidden or revealed, seeing God's hand guiding the world is a powerful way to recognize Him. Our goal going forward is to build a structured understanding of how we observe God within these dimensions. The Two Tracks of Recognition In Darkei HaAvodah , Rav Meir Tzvi Bergman explains that there are actually two fundamental tracks for attaining recognition of God and coming to serve Him. The first track is Yetziat Mitzrayim (the Exodus from Egypt), which represents the very first statement God made to us as a nation: אנוכי השם אלוקיך אשר הוצאתיך מארץ מצרים "I am Hashem your God who took you out of the land of Egypt." The second track consists of Torah and Beriah (creation). For simplicity's sake, we can categorize these as Track 1 ( Yetziat Mitzrayim , which is God's direct revelation to us), Track 2-A (delving into the Torah), and Track 2-B (delving into creation). Rav Bergman points to the Rambam in Sefer HaMitzvot (Positive Commandment #3). When the Rambam defines what it means to fulfill the commandment to love God, he explains that we must contemplate and understand His commandments, His words, and His actions. How does this intellectual understanding lead to love? Once you internalize the concept of Hashem Echad and truly recognize God ( Nassigehu ), you naturally experience a profound, ultimate pleasure from that realization ( נהנה בהשגתו בתכלית הנאה ). Love is always dependent on connection; you enjoy a person's presence and yearn to be close to them. Similarly, when we perceive the greatness of God in creation or in the Torah, it sparks a deep connection and a yearning to be close to Him. The Structure of Our Daily Prayers To anchor this with a practical, daily takeaway, we can look at our prayers. The central moment where we focus on Hashem Echad is, of course, the Kriat Shema . The Kriat Shema consists of three paragraphs ( parshiot ). The first two ( V'ahavta and Ve-hayah im shamoa ) focus heavily on loving Hashem, which, as we established, comes through studying His Torah and creation. The third paragraph ( Vayomer ) concludes with the remembrance of the Exodus: אנוכי השם אלוקיכם אשר הוצאתי אתכם מארץ מצרים "I am Hashem your God who took you out of the land of Egypt." Thus, our daily Kriat Shema explicitly encapsulates all three of these foundational points. Furthermore, if we pay close attention to the blessings surrounding the Shema ( Birkot Kriat Shema ), we see this exact structure beautifully highlighted: Before Shema (Creation): The first blessing is Yotzer Or V'choshekh , which praises God for the natural world and concludes with Yotzer HaMe'orot (Creator of the luminaries). This corresponds to looking into creation. Before Shema (Torah): The second blessing is Ahavat Olam , which details God's love for us. The entire blessing revolves around the fact that He chose us and taught us the Torah ( וקרבתנו מלכנו לשמך הגדול ). In it, we ask Hashem for the ability to understand His Torah. After Shema ( Yetziat Mitzrayim ): After declaring Hashem Elokeichem Emet , we transition into V'yatziv Venachon , where we recount the Exodus, sing Mi Chamocha , and recall Az Yashir right before transitioning into the Amidah . Conclusion As Rav Wolbe writes, the single best way to strengthen our philosophical ideals is to focus on them during prayer, because the text of our liturgy contains the secrets to everything. Every single day, from Barechu until the Amidah , our prayers guide us through a deliberate spiritual sequence: we contemplate God in creation, we contemplate God in the Torah, and then—having reached a clear recognition through those two avenues—we declare Hashem Echad . From there, we move through the Shema , invoke the reality of Yetziat Mitzrayim , and emerge with a clear, fortified Emunah . Only then are we truly ready to stand before Him and pray. As we transition away from Sha'ar HaBechinah , this is the fundamental takeaway we must carry with us: strengthening our Emunah is a dynamic process that relies on all three of these powerful avenues.

Welcome to Daily Bitachon. We are now winding down Sha'ar HaBechina [The Gate of Reflection], looking at how we realize Hashem created the world, commit to serving Him, and ultimately learn to rely on Him. But never forget that the little bit we see with our physical eyes is just a fraction of reality; there is a much larger picture out there. The Zohar tells us about the existence of entirely different spiritual worlds. We have God's Kissei HaKavod —the Throne of Glory, so to speak—where we perceive His absolute control over the cosmos. Then we have the world of the angels, Olam HaMalachim , where the various holy hosts reside. Among them are angels who do nothing but constantly declare, " Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh ." The Zohar explains that from sunrise to sunset, they are continuously saying " Kadosh ," and from the moment the sun sets until it rises again, they say " Baruch kevod... " There are massive angelic forces up there constantly praising Hashem's Name! Yet, as great and powerful as these angels are, the Gemara in Tractate Chullin (91b) drops that unbelievable line: אין מלאכי השרת אוֹמְרִים שִׁירָה לְמַעְלָה עַד שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַטָּה "The ministering angels do not sing praise above until Israel sings below on earth." The angels cannot say Kedushah above until we, the Jewish people, initiate it down here. Think back to our mashal [parable] of the king: with all of his vast empire, the king right now is focused entirely on this one sweet bird. We are Hashem's children, and our voices are sweet to Him. As the verse says, " Hashmi'eni et kolech "—"Let Me hear your voice." If God is literally waiting to hear our voices before listening to the angels, and He has the boundless ability to feed all of those massive heavenly hosts, shouldn't we realize that we can completely rely on Him? The beauty of it is that this exact lesson is built right into our daily prayers. Everything is inside our tefillah . Rav Shlomo Wolbe once said that all the core fundamentals of Judaism are hidden right in our Siddur; we just have to open our eyes and find them. Take a look at how it flows. We start off the blessings before the morning Shema with the words: " Yotzer or u'vorei choshech "—"Who fashions light and creates darkness." We begin by talking about the physical universe and the orbital luminaries. But then, right in the middle of discussing the sun and the moon, we suddenly switch gears. We begin describing God as the Borei Kedoshim —the Fashioner of holy ministering servants. We launch into a breathtaking description of what these angels do: they stand at the summit of the universe and proclaim with awe, together loudly, the words of the living God and King of the universe. We describe them as beloved, flawless, mighty, and holy. They perform the will of their Maker with dread and reverence. They open their mouths in holiness, purity, and song, and they bless, praise, glorify, sanctify, revere, and declare the kingship of Hashem, the great, mighty, and awesome King. The prayer goes on to describe how they accept upon themselves the yoke of heavenly sovereignty from one another, granting permission to each other to sanctify the One who formed them. With tranquility, with clear articulation, and with sweetness, they all proclaim His holiness as one, saying with awe: " Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh... " Then the Ofanim and the Chayot HaKodesh respond with a thunderous noise: " Baruch kevod Hashem mi'mekomo "—"Blessed is the glory of Hashem from His place." Then, right after this intense depiction of the angelic choir, the Siddur switches gears back to the physical universe, concluding the blessing with: " Baruch Ata Hashem, yotzer ha'me'orot "—"Blessed are You Hashem, Creator of the luminaries." Did you ever notice that question? What in the world are angels doing right in the middle of a discussion about the sun, the moon, and the stars? It's a classic question. I was once told an answer in the name of Rabbi Eliyahu Lopian (which he passed on to Rav Wolbe): Hashem is telling us, "Let's learn from the angels." Look at how the angels proclaim God's kingship, and let's emulate them. In fact, there is a custom brought down by the Ben Ish Chai in the name of the great Ashkenazi Kabbalist, Rabbi Nathan Shapira of Krakow. He notes that before we step back and take our three steps forward for the Amidah , we give a slight nod of greeting to those around us. Why? To show signs of peace and friendship to each other, just like the angels do before they praise God. We want to act angelic as we approach prayer. We even hold our feet tightly together during the Amidah to emulate them. Before you emulate the angels, you have to see what they are about. They accept God's kingdom with love and harmony among themselves. That means we have to get along and be unified before we declare Shema Yisrael Hashem Elokeinu Hashem Echad . But there is a second answer to our question, based on the teachings of the Chafetz Chaim. When you talk about the creation of the world—about the sun and the moon—you might think that's the entire story. You look out with your physical eyes and think, "Okay, this is the extent of God's power." And then, if you look at this physical world and see havoc, chaos, and a world running completely wild, you panic and ask, "How can I rely on Him to fix this?" So the Siddur tells us to take a step back. Hold on. You see the sun and the moon? That is not the whole story. The reality is vastly greater. There are layers of angels up there praising God, who see the inner gears of the universe. And for all their immense greatness, they can't utter a single sound until we respond down here. Are you actually worried that the King can't take care of you? Look at how holy and significant we are. All of creation needs sustenance, and God sustains the angels too. The only difference is that we eat physical food and they eat spiritual food. But make no mistake: angels need nourishment. They don't just live on thin air. Nothing exists independently on its own strength except for God. The Tomer Devorah discusses this at length. Every time we do a mitzvah , we create a holy angel. If a person commits an aveira [sin], chas v'shalom , they create a destructive angel. Those angels require spiritual energy to survive. What do they "eat"? They live on the energy of our actions. And what did we eat when we were elevated? We ate the food of angels! How do we know this? King David writes in Tehillim (78:25): " Lechem abirim achal ish "—"Man ate the bread of the mighty ones." Tractate Yoma (75b) explicitly explains that this means the Jewish people literally ate the food of the ministering angels—the Manna—while traveling through the desert. In the wilderness, Hashem treated us exactly like He treats the angels. We didn't need coarse, physical food; we survived on pure spiritual light. Rabbi Eliyahu de Vidas writes in his classic work, Reshit Chochma ( Sha'ar HaKedushah , Chapter 15), that even today, there are elite talmidei chachamim [Torah scholars] who can live primarily on spiritual energy. He explains that this is why certain sages could go two or three days without eating a single thing—because the mazon haTorah (the spiritual nourishment of the Torah itself) kept them physically full. That is how Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his son survived in the cave for thirteen years. This brings us right back to the incredible historical account recorded by Rabbi Yisrael of Shklov in his introduction to Pe'at HaShulchan . He describes his master, the Vilna Gaon, and how radically little he ate. The Gaon ate only two tiny meals a day, taking a piece of dry bread no larger than a kezayit [the size of an olive], dipping it in water, and consuming it. That was it! And yet, Rabbi Yisrael records that the Gaon remained physically strong, resilient, and robust. Where did that physical strength come from? It came from the literal application of the verse: "Man does not live by bread alone, but by all that comes from the mouth of Hashem." The Torah itself became his physical fuel. Great tzaddikim tapped directly into that spiritual nourishment, which proves that God can sustain a person in the most wondrous, supernatural ways whenever He wills it. When you think about these concepts—about the sheer scale of God's power and His intimate love for us—how can you not place your ultimate trust in Him? With this profound realization, we officially conclude Sha'ar HaBechina and read the final, beautiful words of the Chovos HaLevavos : והאלהים ישימנו מאנשי עבודתו "May God place us among those who serve Him," המכירים עניני טובתו ברחמיו ובחסדיו אמן "who recognize the matters of His goodness, through His mercy and His kindness. Amen." נשלם השער השני — The second gate is now complete. אל אדני אקרא ויענני — "To Hashem I shall call out, and He will answer me." We see from here that when a person truly identifies God within creation, they are fully prepared to call out and be answered. That recognition is the ultimate runway for our daily Amidah . Now that we have journeyed through Sha'ar HaBechina , stop for a moment, absorb the greatness, and make that prayer. Mabruk and a massive Mazal Tov to all of us on completing this incredible journey of over 100 classes!

Welcome to the Daily Bitachon: Erev Shabbat Edition The Shulchan Aruch tells us in Siman Reish-Samech (260) that one should cut their nails on Friday afternoon. Simply speaking, cutting one's nails on Friday afternoon is Kevod Shabbat —it is showing respect for Shabbat. The Be'er Heitev , one of the commentaries on the side of the Shulchan Aruch , invokes the Gemara ( Niddah 17a) which tells us that one should not leave fingernails on the floor when they are cut. One should either burn them or bury them, but definitely not leave them out. What is the reason behind this? Why are fingernails dangerous? He tells us that before the sin of Adam HaRishon (the first man), man was cloaked in a clothing similar to a fingernail. That means his body and soul shone through this thin, translucent fingernail material. After man sinned, he was coated with the physical flesh that we have today. The Ben Ish Chai ( Parashat Bereshit ) says that originally it was Kotnot Or ( כותנות אור ) with an Alef —clothing of light—and it switched to Kotnot Or ( כותנות עור ) with an Ayin —clothing of skin and flesh. When Shabbat comes, we will see that Shabbat is all about going back to the state of man before the sin; the job of Shabbat is to lift us up above the sin. So, on Friday afternoon, we cut our nails to beautify them. We are going into Shabbat when our clothing is meant to be the cloth of nails—that is what it was supposed to be. The Transcendence of Shabbat and the Reality of Motzei Shabbat Then, on Motzei Shabbat , we look at our candle and we look at our fingernails. Why do we have a candle on Motzei Shabbat ? It is because God created fire on Motzei Shabbat . Why did God create fire on Motzei Shabbat ? What about Friday night? The answer is that when Adam sinned, there was a change in the light that God had created. Originally, God created a light which we call Or HaGanuz —the hidden light. It was a light through which you could see from one end of the world to the other. Because Adam sinned, God said that light was too dangerous to use because people could misuse it, so He hid that light away for the future. Today, we no longer have that light. When did that light disappear? On Motzei Shabbat . Out of respect for Shabbat, that original light stayed from Friday afternoon at twelve o'clock (when Adam was created) until Motzei Shabbat . So, it was lit for thirty-six hours. Motzei Shabbat is all about the consequences of the sin of Adam taking hold. We have that candle to remind us that we would not have needed artificial fire if not for the sin of Adam. We look at our fingernails to remind us that we should have been totally coated in that translucent material. Similarly, a woman is traditionally not supposed to drink from the Havdalah cup. Why not? Because there is an opinion that the Etz HaDa'at (the Tree of Knowledge) was a grapevine. Therefore, when Havdalah arrives, we do not want to remind anyone that Chavah (Eve) took from the grape when she was not supposed to, which could arouse a prosecution—a Kitrug . The Be'er Heitev explains that the Gemara says if a pregnant lady steps on discarded fingernails, it is dangerous for her pregnancy. Why? The answer he gives is that discarded nails remind us of the sin of Adam and Chavah. Originally, there was no such thing as a fingernail that you cut and discarded; your whole body was coated in it. These clippings remind us of the original sin, and the punishment of Chavah was difficulty in childbirth. We do not want an arousal of that sin, and therefore, a pregnant lady touching discarded fingernails becomes dangerous. The Power of Friday Afternoon Preparations Coming back to our main story, which is the positivity of Shabbat: Shabbat is all about bringing us back to Adam before the sin. The Sefer Chemdat Yamim tells us that the Erev Shabbat Friday afternoon preparation has the ability to atone for the sin that happened on that day. We also see this in a pasuk in Shemot 16:5: וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי וְהֵכִינוּ אֵת אֲשֶׁר־יָבִיאוּ וְהָיָה מִשְׁנֶה עַל אֲשֶׁר־יִלְקְטוּ יוֹם יוֹם "And it shall come to pass on the sixth day that they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily." This refers to the Manna. They prepared on Friday, and they received a double portion. He tells us that the word Mishneh ( מִשְׁנֶה )—which means double, like shani —has the exact same letters as Neshamah ( נְשָׁמָה ). This hints to us that the preparation of Erev Shabbat causes us to be cleansed from the sin of Adam HaRishon , which brings down upon us the Neshamah Yeteirah (the extra soul) that we lost. The Neshamah Yeteirah symbolizes the level of man before his sin. Similarly, we say in the Shabbat prayers: Yismach Moshe be-matnat chelko ( יִשְׂמַח מֹשֶׁה בְּמַתְּנַת חֶלְקוֹ )—Moshe is happy with his portion. What does that mean? This might be a little complicated, and you might have to listen to this class twice! The commentators say that when we stood at Har Sinai, the negativity of the original sin disappeared. Adam HaRishon's sin was corrected, everything went back to the way it was meant to be, and we received two crowns on our heads. Those two crowns represent the same spiritual power as our extra Neshamah —the correction of Adam's sin. However, when we sinned with the Golden Calf, we lost those crowns. Who received them instead? Moshe Rabbeinu. And that is why his face shone. Every Shabbat, Moshe is kind enough— Yismach Moshe is very happy with his given portion—to give us back those crowns. Because on Shabbat, in a spiritual way, we return to the state of Adam before the sin, so we get our crowns back. Right after the end of Parashat Ki Tissa (which talks about Moshe Rabbeinu's face shining), the next Parashat , Vayakhel , starts immediately with Shabbat. The Ba'al HaTurim notes this connection because the Gemara says that a person's face looks different on Shabbat than it does during the week. We have a shining face on Shabbat because we are returning to that original Kotnot Or —the clothing of light. The Hidden Light and "Extra Credit" For some real extra credit: that light, as we said, is the light of the Or HaGanuz (the hidden light). That hidden light is symbolized by the Torah she-Ba'al Peh (the Oral Torah) that we toil over. Where did God hide the light? He hid the light in Torah she-Ba'al Peh —in the Mishnayot and the Gemara . That is why the word Neshamah ( נְשָׁמָה ) shares the exact same letters as Mishnah ( מִשְׁנָה ). The Mishnayot bring back that Neshamah Yeteirah ; they bring back that lost light. Again, that's extra credit—we're going a little into information overload here! The Bottom Line What is the practical takeaway from all of this? Through man's sin, he lost what he lost. But on Erev Shabbat, through our physical and spiritual preparations for Shabbat, we receive it all back once again. Then on Motzei Shabbat , we are reminded of what we lose until next week. Our nails—both cutting them on Friday and looking at them on Saturday night—are strongly connected to this profound message. But the main message is that Shabbat, which is what we are constantly working toward, lifts us up far above the sin of Adam HaRishon . The Chemdat Yamim further says that when man was originally placed in Gan Eden , he was given a positive commandment: l'ovdah ( לְעָבְדָהּ )—to serve it, and a negative commandment: u'lshomrah ( וּלְשָׁמְרָהּ )—to guard it. That is exactly why on Shabbat we have the positive commandment of Zachor (Remember) and the negative commandment of Shamor (Guard). He further notes that the beautiful clothing we wear on Shabbat is to remind us of those original spiritual garments. We see from so many different areas that Shabbat is designed to fix the sin of Adam HaRishon . I apologize if there was a bit too much Kabbalah and a lot of information at once, but I came across this recently and I just needed to share it with someone!

Welcome to Daily Bitachon. We are now in Sha'ar HaBechina [The Gate of Reflection], in our final chapter. We are continuing with the lesson the Chafetz Chaim taught us, which builds on what the Chovos HaLevavos told us: our understanding of God in this world is extremely limited. Because of this limited understanding, it can look like the world is haphazard, out of control, or like chas v'shalom [God forbid] God is unable to fix what needs fixing—all because we focus on a minor rebellion in this small corner of creation. The truth is, every single day in our tefillah [prayer], we give over this exact message: Hashem is constantly sustaining a massive universe. The angels recognize this completely, but down here, we don't. We are limited to what God has revealed to us in this physical world, which is primarily His middot [attributes]. We understand the three intellectual faculties of the mind: chochma (wisdom), bina (understanding), and da'at (knowledge). God revealed those three areas of intellect, and He also revealed seven emotional middot : gedula (greatness/lovingkindness), gevura (strength/restraint), tiferet (glory/harmony), netzach (eternity/victory), hod (splendor), yesod (foundation/all-encompassing), and malchut (kingship/kingdom). God revealed these traits to us, and they correspond to the seven great tzaddikim [righteous pillars] who each perfected one of them. As we've mentioned before, Avraham symbolizes chesed (kindness); Yitzchak is gevura (strength); Yaakov Avinu is tiferet (glory/harmony between kindness and strength); Moshe symbolizes netzach (eternity); Aharon symbolizes hod (splendor/shining); Yosef HaTzaddik is yesod (the foundation, which also connects to the phrase " ki chol " from the verse, as they share the same numerical value); and malchut is David HaMelech. These are the divine traits we can actually grasp down here. We read about them and say them every single day. Look inside Vayivarech David : "And David blessed Hashem in the presence of the entire congregation. David said, 'Blessed are You, Hashem, the God of Israel, our forefather, from this world to the world to come.'" Parenthetically, notice how he explicitly mentions "from this world to the world to come"—the two worlds created by the two letters of His Name, just like we discussed in the last class. The verse continues: "Yours, Hashem, is the greatness (1), the strength (2), the splendor (3), the triumph (4), the glory (5), even everything in the heaven and the earth (6). Yours, Hashem, is the kingdom (7), and the sovereignty over every leader." So now it is clear: in this world, God revealed these seven middot to us. The verse continues: " Wealth and honor come from You, and You rule everything. " Right at this point in the davening, there is a beautiful custom to give three coins to charity. Why? Because at the exact moment we achieve total clarity in God's absolute control over the world's wealth, we give tzedakah to show we realize, "This isn't coming out of my pocket. It's Yours, God. You own it all." The prayer continues: " In Your hand is power and strength, and it is in Your hand to make anyone great or strong. And now, our God, we thank You and praise Your splendorous name. " They blessed His glorious Name, which is exalted above all blessings and praise. Then we take the next step: " It is You alone, Hashem, You have made the heaven and the most exalted heaven, and all their legions, the earth and everything upon it, the seas and everything in them, and You give them all life. " What does it mean, " You give them all life " ( v'Ata mechayeh et kulam )? The Chafetz Chaim points out, quoting the Zohar , that the text doesn't say God gave life in the past ( hecheyata ), but rather mechayeh —He is continuously giving life at this very microsecond. We've discussed this concept before from Rav Moshe Cordovero's Tomer Devorah . In the first divine trait of " Mi El Kamocha " [Who is a God like You], he writes that the world doesn't just keep existing today because it existed yesterday. It exists at this exact moment only because God is actively pumping vital energy into creation. The mashal for this is a large, inflatable bounce house that kids play in. It stays upright and full only because an air pump is running continuously. If you pull the plug, all the air is released instantly and it collapses. This world requires constant, active energizing. We don't see that with our physical eyes, and we don't naturally realize it. But the angels above? They see it clearly. The angels see exactly what is going on. They see that Hashem is constantly energizing everything, and that nothing moves without Him. The Tomer Devorah says that even when you bend your finger, that motion is being directly channeled by God's energy. Because they see this reality, the verse says: " U'tzva ha'shamayim Lecha mishtachavim "—"And the heavenly legions bow to You." They understand what we fail to grasp. They know that among the thousands upon thousands of angelic hosts, no angel has ever had a day without "dinner." Do you know how massive these angels are? The Gemara in Chullin (91b) tells us that the angel Gavriel measures an unimaginable size: two thousand parsa . If we translate that, we are talking about an entity that is thousands of miles high. Other angels are even larger, spanning what we would call light-years across the cosmos. Yet, God has absolutely no problem sustaining and fueling these gigantic spiritual entities. The Chafetz Chaim looks at this and asks: How can we—whom he compares to a tiny, insignificant onion peel—worry about where our parnasa [livelihood] is going to come from? Imagine the foolishness of that anxiety! We continue along the same daily prayer track: " It is You, Hashem, the God who selected Avram, brought him out of Ur Kasdim, and made his name Avraham. " The text walks us right through the foundational history of the Jewish people—the bitter times in Egypt, the miraculous Exodus, and the splitting of the Sea ( Kriat Yam Suf ). Then we break into Shirat HaYam [the Song of the Sea], the ecstatic song of praise beginning with " Az Yashir ." As Rashi notes in Tractate Berachos , all of this historical and cosmic imagery is designed to build our awe and get us ready to stand before the King in the Shemoneh Esrei [the standing prayer]. We need this exact reminder every single morning. Imagine if we prayed with this level of kavana [intention] each day. Imagine how it would transform our lives. They gave us this incredible introduction for a reason. Tomorrow, we will continue with a similar lesson on this exact concept—focusing on how great God is, how vast the universe is, and how small we truly are.

Welcome to our Daily Bitachon series. We are at the end of Sha'ar HaBechina [The Gate of Reflection], where the author tells us a beautiful mashal [parable] to show the greatness of Hashem. He compares us to a child who was raised in a jail cell and has no concept of the king who runs an entire empire; the child thinks the whole world is just that jail cell. And that is us in this world. We only have a small glimpse of what the real picture is and what God can truly do, living here on this small little planet. The Chovos HaLevavos tells us to develop this mashal . And we will do just that, based on the Chafetz Chaim in his sefer Shemiras HaLashon (Volume 1, in the section called Sha'ar HaTvuna , Chapter 10). He gives the following mashal to explain how we can rely on Hashem even when we are living in an era where we don't clearly see Hashem's control—where it looks like the world is running wild. It's fascinating how he uses this mashal to build our Bitachon [trust], because ultimately, as we've said, our understanding of the world is what leads us to serve Him, which ultimately brings us to Bitachon . And here we go: There was a king who had total global control. He was a superpower, and he ruled his kingdom beautifully. He had more than enough food and sustenance to provide for his entire kingdom, for all of his generals, and for everyone under his rule in a highly respectable way. Yet, as can happen on a small, isolated island with a tiny group of people, a few servants decided to stage a minor rebellion out of pure arrogance. The king heard about it. Okay, his men would handle it, no problem. Right after the news reached the king, he went for a walk in his vineyard, not feeling threatened by this rebellion at all. While walking, he heard a beautiful bird chirping. It looked nice, it sounded beautiful, and he told one of his servants, "I'd like to have that bird in my palace so we can listen to its beautiful singing." And so they did; they put the bird in a cage and brought it to the king's palace, where it sang in a beautiful, sweet tone. One foolish man saw the bird and said, "You poor bird, I feel so bad for you. You know, you're going into the king's palace because you have a beautiful voice, but you're really going to suffer there because you won't have any food." The bird asked, "Why not?" The man replied, "Because I heard that there are people rebelling against the king!" Another, smarter servant overheard this and said, "What a fool! Our king rules the entire world. He has endless treasure houses. Taking care of this bird is a joke to him. And he loves the chirping of this bird! Do you really think he can't manage to find a few morsels of grain every day to sustain this bird just because there are a few rebels in some far-off little town?" That is the mashal . For the nimshal [the lesson], the Chafetz Chaim says that this analogy doesn't even compare one-in-a-million to what is really going on. God created this physical world, but He also created the upper worlds. The spiritual realm consists of many worlds. There are four basic spiritual worlds: our world is called Olam HaAsiya [the World of Action], and above it are the worlds of Yetzira , Beriah , and Atzilut . We aren't kabbalists to go into exactly what all these levels mean. But the point he is making is that when we see a "rebellion" happening down here in this tiny physical world, we are viewing everything through limited, physical eyes. We don't see what is truly going on; we have no idea of the full scope of the universe. And we are like that little bird—that tiny, teeny bird—worrying, "How is the king going to take care of me?" Who is the bird? The bird is us, the Jewish people, whose voices God loves to hear. As the verse says, " Yonati bechagvei hasela "—"My dove in the clefts of the rock." He wants to take care of us! Yet, we worry because we see rebellions going on, because there is Hamas, because there is Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, and Hezbollah. We worry because we see a few rebels. Do you know what our King can do? The Chafetz Chaim says we should be more shocked at our own anxious attitude than at the attitude of that foolish servant telling the bird that the king can't feed him. That is huge. He says that all we need to do, every single day, is think about this. When we think about this, it will strengthen our Bitachon . And again, this is exactly what Sha'ar HaBechina is all about—seeing God's power and understanding how He is completely unlimited, and using that clarity to reach Bitachon . I will not stop stressing this point: You cannot jump to Sha'ar HaBitachon without going through Sha'ar HaBechina . You must first appreciate who God is, and then you can rely on Him. And even then, you can't just jump straight to relying on Him; you have to first commit yourself to serving Him. Your first reaction to God's greatness isn't supposed to be, "Wow, look how strong God is, look what I can get from Him!" No. It should be, "Look how strong God is—what do I have to do to reciprocate?" And how do we reciprocate? How will we find the tools and abilities to do so? That is where Bitachon comes in: rely on Him, and He will take care of you. The absolute fundamental of Bitachon is that Hashem takes care of His servants . You need to be a servant first. This is the path of Sha'ar HaBechina . That is what the author is telling us. We have a clear track. When you get to the end of this gate, you have to realize what the next step is, but never forget the foundation. As we say, you constantly have to go over this foundation again and again, every single day. He notes that this is the deeper meaning of the verse in Yeshayahu (26:4): " Ki b'Y-H Hashem tzur olamim ." Chazal [the Sages] tell us that God created the worlds with two letters of His Name: a Yud , which created Olam HaBa [the World to Come], and a Heh , which created Olam HaZeh [this world]. What does this verse say? Once we know that Hashem created both worlds and that He is a tzur —a rock, meaning He is completely reliable, the rock in whom we find refuge ( tzur achasayu bo )—the verse commands us: " Bitchu v'Hashem adei ad "—"Trust in Hashem forever and ever." What does "always and forever" mean? The Chafetz Chaim explains that "always" means even in our times, when it looks like a massive rebellion is going on. Rely on Him always! Why? Because you know how powerful He is: " Ki b'Y-H Hashem tzur olamim "—because God is the Rock of worlds , plural. Let's repeat this verse one more time: Bitchu v'Hashem adei ad . Rely on Hashem forever and ever. Why? Because Hashem is the Rock of the worlds. He is the Rock, meaning He is reliable—the ultimate Rock of Gibraltar. He is reliable, and He is the Creator of all the worlds. Regardless of what it looks like is happening downstairs, it is only a drop in the bucket. And from this, to quote the Chafetz Chaim: " Nuchel lehavin et godel habitachon she-yesh l'adam livtoach b'Hakadosh Baruch Hu "—"Through this, we can understand the immense scale of trust that a person must place in the Holy One, blessed be He."

Welcome to our daily Bitachon series. We're winding down Sha'ar HaBechina [The Gate of Reflection]. And the author tells us a very important thing that we have to know. He says that when you read this sefer and you get inspired or aroused by anything you read, you must realize that what you're reading is only a drop in the bucket of what is really going on. Even if you take that drop in the bucket from the sefer , and you work and work and work until you reach the absolute maximum of your ability to understand—even if you become a Rabbi Avigdor Miller—all of that is still only a minute example of God's abilities and His knowledge. The only things we see in this world are what is necessary for man to use in his service to Hashem. But what God truly has and knows, we have no idea. God just showed a little bit to us—exactly what we need. It's like a mashal [parable]: Imagine you have a Gadol HaDor [great Torah leader], okay? Let's say Rav Chaim Kanievsky, who knows Kol HaTorah Kula —he knows the entire Torah inside and out. He happens to walk into a second-grade classroom to give a shiur [lecture] because the regular rebbe was out, and Rav Chaim felt bad seeing the kids sitting there alone. He walks in and says, "Let me tell you about Parashat Lech Lecha ." He talks about Abraham and Sarah, and he adds a few extra insights that the kids have never heard before. The kids say, "Wow, this rabbi is unbelievable!" But someone tells them: "What you got is just a tiny revelation of what you could fathom. He gave you a little bit more than your regular teacher, but you can't even grasp the depth of what he truly knows." And even that mashal still does not do justice to what we perceive in this world vis-à-vis what is really going on. The author gives a beautiful, beautiful mashal to bring this point home. He says we are comparable to a child who was born in a jail cell. In those days, jails were underground pits. For whatever reason, the child's father had a life sentence; he had to be in jail, there was no way out, and because the rules couldn't be broken, it wasn't even up to the king. So, the kid was going to be there for life. But the king felt bad, so he told the jail keepers, "Listen, take care of this boy. Give him everything he needs." The boy was just a baby when he was born there, and they took care of him top-of-the-line. As he gets older, he knows absolutely nothing about the world outside the pit. Every morning, he receives breakfast from a messenger sent by the king. Every single day the messenger comes, bringing him candles, food, drink, and clothing. The boy asks him, "Who are you?" The messenger replies, "I am a servant of the king. And everything in this pit, including the pit itself and everything inside of it, is from the king. Therefore, you should thank him and praise him." The kid says, "Wow, 100 percent, I agree." So what praise does the boy offer? He says, "I praise the owner of this pit, who took me as his servant and singled me out with all the goodness he did, because he is paying attention to me and cares about me." It sounds like a nice praise, right? But the messenger says, "Don't say that, that is almost sinful! This pit is not all the king owns. He has multiples upon multiples of this pit. You can't even imagine the size of his kingdom! You are not the only one he takes care of; his servants are endless. And what you receive is just a drop in the bucket compared to all the goodness he does for the whole world. Do you think he is only looking at you? He has hashgacha [divine providence] over everything." The lad says, "I really don't understand what you're talking about. But what I do understand is that the king is much greater than I thought he was." So the messenger tells him, "Say the following instead: I praise the great king, for there is no end to his kingdom and no end to his goodness and kindness. I am a nobody among his many soldiers, and he still looks after me. What I see of his power is only a fraction of what he can really do. " Now the boy understood what he hadn't understood until then. He appreciated the king even more, and he began to have a much higher level of respect and awe for him. He also developed a greater appreciation for the goodness that came to him, because he finally realized how great the king is and how small he himself is. Suddenly, everything he received became so much more meaningful. The author continues and says: "And now, my brother, pay close attention to the mashal I just gave you. Look at the globe and see how much there is, how far the world goes, and what lies beyond our galaxies." He tells us to pay close attention to this lesson, and we will continue with this mashal and expand on everything we can learn from it in our upcoming sessions.

No prayers on Shabbat Welcome to our daily Bitachon special Erev Shabbat discussion on Shabbat . Today's question is why on Shabbat we have a shorter Amidah than during the weekdays. During the weekdays we have a full nineteen Brachot and on Shabbat we have seven Brachot made up of the first three that we always say the last three that we always say and there's only one Bracha in the middle Mekadesh Hashabbat . So there's basically two answers. One is that you can't make your own request on Shabbat hence we have a shorter Amidah . The second reason given is that praying in Amidah takes a lot of effort. It takes a lot of energy. Chassidim HaRishonim would pray an hour before prayer an hour after prayer and it takes a lot of Kochot and Shabbat we want to make life a little easier for you and therefore we have a shorter Amidah . That's one of the reasons given. But let's go back to the first reason. You can't make requests for your own needs on Shabbat and the question is why not? Why shouldn't you make requests for yourself on Shabbat ? One reason is because by making your own requests you realize what you don't need and what you don't have and that's going to make you sad so therefore we don't pray. So one of the answers is that on Shabbat Melachtcha is like it's finished. What is there to request? That you don't have any problems. Everything's done as it says ke'ilu melachtcha asuya like Hashem worked six days and rested on the seventh we too work six days and rest on the seventh. Now how can you possibly do that? Melachtcha asuya that's it finished done there's nothing to think about? How can we reach that level there's nothing to think about? And the answer is that on Shabbat we're supposed to reach the understanding that Hashem is controlling and running the world totally. When a person is in a car and someone else is driving them they don't say you know you have to make a right you have to make a left well maybe he doesn't know where he's going he has Waze he knows where he's going you sit in the back and you're going on an hour ride what do you do you put your chair back and you rest you fall asleep there's nothing to take care of. So although you might have a million things on your mind but you know someone else is taking care of you and therefore you just relax and that's what goes on in Shabbat when you have to do this and that and all the other things that's true but on Shabbat you're supposed to imagine that someone else is taking care. You need a dress you need a suit what if I told you you have your own personal shopper? They fly to Paris for you they get you a dress they measure it they tailor it so you're making a wedding in a week you don't have a dress don't worry about it you have someone that's going to buy it for you and they'll fit you and everything will work that is the feeling of Shabbat everything is done so I don't have to ask for anything I don't have to pray for anything I have everything. Now the one question is so hold on but there is one request where we go through קדשנו במצותיך תן חלקנו בתורתך טהר לבנו לעבדך we're asking Hashem for all kind of requests. Purify my heart make me holy through mitzvot I thought everything's done why do I have to ask for anything? And the answer is everything is done in the physical world everything's done there's nothing else to do Hashem will take care of everything. But when it comes to ruchniyut when it comes to spirituality there we say הכל בידי שמים חוץ מיראת שמים everything in the hands of God but the fear of God that God doesn't take care of that that's our job. Of course you can pray for Hashem to help you that's okay but that job is not finished that job is just beginning on Shabbat when it's a day that's a more spiritual day. Now there is a further concept of why we I'm sorry that in these requests we're really asking for in a way gashmiyut as well because if we're having a headache on Shabbat how can I pray how can I learn? So when we ask for our requests on Shabbat we really are asking in a way for our own needs. We say רצה והחליצנו שלא תהא צרה ויגון ביום מנוחתנו we shouldn't have any problems any heartache on the day of our resting. Hold on I thought you're not allowed to ask anything? I'm not asking for anything I'm asking that I should have peace of mind. If I have a headache if I have worry I can't have peace of mind. So on Shabbat our requests are only regarding spirituality. We want to be able to spend time connecting with Hashem all of our work is done. We just like I asked to use the Mashal person should imagine he sold his business on Friday. Friday for a hundred million dollars. Nothing to think about, I sold it already. And then Sunday morning, I buy it back. That's the feeling of Shabbat , and therefore there is nothing to pray for. Everything's fine, we don't have to pray for. And the only thing I do pray for is to get.

Here is a lightly edited version of the transcript that polishes the grammar and improves readability while keeping the original context, structure, and conversational flow completely intact: Welcome to Daily Bitachon and our Sha'ar HaBechina . We are discussing the factors that interfere with or ruin our contemplation of what God does for us. The Chovot HaLevavot starts by telling us to look back at the beginning of the book, which discusses three initial interferences: namely, that we get used to everything, we always desire more, and we allow the things in our lives that don't go right to interfere. And now for reason number four—an additional reason that applies specifically to Bechina —and that is a person's arrogance when it comes to the benefits of God. A person often thinks, "I am deserving of this and more." In the author's words: יחשוב הכסיל הפתי כי הוא ראוי להן וליותר להן ( "The foolish fool thinks that he is worthy of them and of more than them" ). Because of this, he does not contemplate what God gave him, and he doesn't feel a need to praise and thank Hashem. As it says in the pasuk in Mishlei 16:5: תועבת ה' כל גבה לב ( "Every proud heart is an abomination to the Lord" ); it's an abomination to God when anyone is arrogant. This is a very eye-opening concept. Who doesn't have a little arrogance? The text is telling us that we feel this way because we think, "Do you know who I am? I deserve so much more." I still remember an advertisement for an expensive watch, and at the bottom, it said, "You deserve it." That is the feeling of many people today. "I deserve this; I worked hard." People use that term all the time: "You deserve it." Rav Wolbe writes about this topic in his Alei Shur (Volume 2, page 278), where he gives two reasons why we lack hakarat hatov (gratitude). Number one is hamuskal harishon , which we could translate as an axiom—something that is accepted as self-evident, a premise, or prior knowledge. There is no exact English term to translate this type of basic assumption. For example, it's like saying hamuskal harishon dictates that a person who was raised in the lap of luxury is spoiled. That's a muskal rishon , even though it might not always be that way. Rav Wolbe says that our hamuskal harishon is to understand שהכל מובן מאליו בעולם —that everything in the world is self-understood. It means we believe things are simply supposed to be there. Of course there's supposed to be a sun, a moon, and mountains. What's the question? It's just obvious. And everything is deserved. This happens because a person is born without intelligence; as they grow and become intelligent, everything seems self-understood and feels like it has to be that way. A person thinks he has to be healthy, and he has to be full and complete in his bodily functions. This is similar to what we said at the beginning of the Chovot HaLevavot's Sha'ar HaBechina —that a person gets used to everything—but Rav Wolbe is adding a little nuance here. It's not just that a person is used to it, but because he is used to it, he feels entitled . Because he is raised by parents when he is young, he thinks that is just the way it's supposed to be. You're supposed to have parents to take care of everything you need and desire. So he thinks, "Why should I thank my mother? That's what she's supposed to be doing." Furthermore, a person is born with a fundamental ego to see himself as the center of the world, believing everything was made for him. Therefore, whatever people do for him is deserved. Why should he thank anybody? He is the center of the world. Now, this is an interesting concept, because in a way, it is true. The whole world is there to serve you. That is a Gemara : Bishvili Nivra HaOlam ( "For my sake the world was created" ). But what does it mean that it was made for you? It was made to be a tool for you to serve Hashem, not because you are the center of the universe. Rav Wolbe says you need a lot of hard work to wean yourself off this original axiom and to teach yourself that nothing is self-understood. You are not entitled to anything, and everything you receive is considered a chessed ve'tovah (a kindness and a favor). That is the job of hakarat hatov . It doesn't make a difference if it's benefits you receive from God or benefits you receive from people; it is our job to constantly train ourselves that everything—literally everything—is a benefit and a kindness to us. Life itself is not self-understood. As it says in Eicha : מה יתאונן אדם חי ( "Why should a living man complain?" ). The Gemara in Kiddushin 80b expounds on this: מה יתאונן על מדותיו ( "How could you complain about God's ways?" ), וכי גבר על חטאו ( "Has he overcome his sins?" ), דייו חיים שנתתי לו ( "It is enough that I gave him life" ). Rashi explains: what are you complaining about regarding what's going on with you? Everything is a chessed . The very fact that you're alive is a chessed . Rabbi Miller brings a beautiful mashal (parable) about this. Imagine a man in a concentration camp standing in a long line, and he is on the wrong line. Someone comes over to him and says, "I can save you." For argument's sake, let's say it's Schindler. Schindler is there and says, "Listen, Yankel, I can save you, but there are a few conditions." Yankel says, "Go ahead, what are they?" "Well, first of all, you're never really going to own your own house. You're going to live in an apartment." "Okay, I'll take that." "You're going to have a wife that's difficult. It's going to be a difficult marriage; she's not going to be that easy." "I'll take that." "Some of your children are going to have challenges and will not be that easy to raise." "I'll take that." "Are you sure? You might never be able to go on a trip to Florida." "I'll take that." "You might also never be able to go away for the summer." "I'll take that." Why? Because he is giving him life. But now, here we are, used to having homes, nice spouses, good children, and vacations. Therefore, we are not happy unless we get all of those things. And when we do get those things, we think, "What do you mean? Of course I should live in a house. Shouldn't I get married? Shouldn't I have children? Of course." This is what is termed in our modern world as a sense of entitlement, which means a stable, pervasive belief that one inherently deserves special treatment, unique privileges, or an exempt status from standard rules, without any obligation to earn or reciprocate those benefits. Now, everyone has a bit of that. Of course, there is a spectrum, and it can come to a point where it becomes a clinical description. But overcoming this is our job. Rav Friedlander, in his book Sifrei Sifsei Chaim - Chinuch (page 70), says: "I remember when I was in the house of my rabbi and teacher, Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler. It was a hot day, and his wife, the Rebbetzin, brought him a glass of cold water. Wow, did he say thank you! With a large smile on his face, he made a big, full statement, really thanking her for that glass of water as if she had done the biggest favor in the world for him. It was not taken as self-understood." Entitlement is the source of a lot of complaints in marriages. You hear, "My wife doesn't make dinner when I come home." Well, who said she has to? "What do you mean? That's what all wives do." Not necessarily so. There is a famous Gemara about an Amora whose wife used to make his life very difficult. When he asked for oatmeal, she brought him cold cereal; when he asked for cold cereal, she brought him oatmeal. His son was watching this and said, "Dad, why don't you just ask for oatmeal when you want cold cereal, and ask for cold cereal when you want oatmeal?" The father replied, "You shouldn't teach yourself how to lie." Yet, this same rabbi was later seen at a wedding wrapping up some cookies to bring home to his wife. Someone said to him, "Your wife? She's the most difficult woman in the world!" His answer was, "It's enough that she takes care of my children and saves me from sin." Those are the two fundamentals of marriage. Does that mean it's supposed to be an automatic entitlement to have a wife? Of course you should say thank you. There is a deal when you get married—there's a ketubah —and the basic responsibilities of marriage are just that. Everything else after that is gravy. We are going to see that this is exactly how the world was built. There is a chessed of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. Olam chessed yibaneh —the world is built on kindness. It wasn't that Hashem had to create a world. He wasn't forced to create a world, and He had nothing to gain from creating it. He is perfect; He doesn't need us, and He has everything already. So what was the point of creating a world? To do chessed . To do kindness. To give to us, and to give us existence. That is the shoresh —the root—of everything.