Covers a vast range of topics fundamental to the specialty, including the biological basis of craniofacial development from prenatal stages to postnatal growth, focusing heavily on bone remodeling, genetic influences, and the formation of the dentition. Significant attention is paid to the classification, examination, and diagnosis of malocclusion, utilizing various methods like Angle's classification and cephalometric analysis (including Steiner's and McNamara's analyses). Furthermore, the text details the mechanics and application of orthodontic treatment, covering removable and fixed appliances, root resorption risks, and the management of complex issues such as impacted teeth, hypodontia, and craniofacial syndromes like cleft lip and palate, alongside the crucial topic of long-term retention and relapse.
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