Echoes of Empires

In this and the next episode, I want to look beyond the legend of Charlemagne to find the real man and his achievements and failings. His legend has made him into a symbol of power and authority as well as a figurehead for the cause of European integration. But it shouldn’t be forgotten that after his death, his empire quickly broke up and his accomplishments were shown to be hollow. So, what is the truth about him? Let’s find out.

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In this episode, we explore how the Carolingians rose to become the dynasty that would claim to be the inheritors of Rome. 

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In this episode, I’m going to focus on one of the most famous battles in history: the battle of Tours, or Poitiers as it’s sometimes called, in 732. It’s famous because some historians think it stopped the Arabs from conquering Europe. But others think its significance has been exaggerated and, even if the Arabs had won, they did not intend to conquer Europe. So, in this episode let’s try to find out what really happened.

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In modern France, the Frankish king, Clovis, is often celebrated as the first French king. But Clovis’ Merovingian dynasty was in fact destined to fade and die. In its place, there arose a new dynasty that would become more famous: the Carolingian. But before we say goodbye to the Merovingians, I want in today’s podcast to ask the question why did they die out and why was it such a slow death? 

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I wanted to let you know that my latest book, The End of Antiquity, is now available in both paperback and ebook on Amazon and will be available through most major book retailers soon.

It explores the final days of the Roman and Persian empires, and how they were ultimately overwhelmed by the rise of Islam in the seventh century AD. It covers the warfare, politics, and religious upheaval of the time, but also introduces a compelling new angle: climate change.

Drawing on the latest scientific research, I examine the Late Antique Little Ice Age — a period of significant climatic cooling that struck at the heart of the Roman and Persian worlds, but — and here’s the catch — seems to have allowed Arabia to flourish. I believe this could be a crucial, yet overlooked, factor in understanding this pivotal era of history.

If you’ve been listening to my podcast, you’ll be aware of most of this but I think you’d still find the book worthwhile since it has more content than this podcast and includes 9 maps, 16 pictures, a chronology, lists of Roman emperors and Arab caliphs, a detailed bibliography, notes and an index.

And you get all of that in the ebook format for only $6.99 in the US and £4.99 in the UK – not far off the price of a cup of coffee. The paperback is obviously more expensive but still not exorbitant at $13.99 in the US and £10.99 in the UK. 

The link to Amazon is here - and if you do read it, I’d be thrilled to hear your thoughts. Of course, if you enjoy it, a review on Amazon would mean a great deal to me.

Thank you again for your continued interest and support — it’s what makes all of my work possible.

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For a free ebook, maps and blogs check out my website nickholmesauthor.com

By the year AD 719, the Arab/Berber army had conquered Iberia and was invading Gaul or what is modern France. They seemed unstoppable. Would western Europe fall to Islam? And would the Qu’ran be taught in the schools of Oxford, as Edward Gibbon rather mischievously speculated. Of course, Gibbon knew the outcome. The Arab advance into France came to a shuddering halt at the battle of Poitiers, or Tours as it’s sometimes called, in 732 when Charles Martel, or Charles the Hammer, would inflict the first major defeat on the Arabs in western Europe just as the emperor Leo III did in the east in 717/718 at the siege of Constantinople. Thereafter, the Arabs’ hopes of adding Europe to their vast empire would be checked in the west by the Franks, and in the east by the Byzantines.

In episodes 111 to 113, we looked at the Byzantines, and in the next few episodes I want to look at their western counterpart: the Franks. It comes as no surprise to say the Franks were important in history. Indeed, crucial. For they not just halted the Arab invasion of western Europe but under their greatest king, Charlemagne, they created a vast empire encompassing modern France, and much of Germany, Italy, Switzerland and the Low Countries – in other words most of western Europe. Some historians believe Charlemagne’s empire – the Carolingian empire - was the starting point for modern Europe although it broke up fairly rapidly after his death. It would of course take the best part of a thousand years for that to happen but when Charlemagne was crowned as the new Roman emperor in AD 800 in Rome, in my opinion, the Franks rose above all the other Germanic invaders of the Roman Empire to become the true inheritors in western Europe of the once mighty Roman Empire. In this episode, we'll look at the beginning of their rise to power with the reign of the Frankish king Clovis (482-511), who forged the first strong Frankish kingdom in what is now France. 

mosaic is Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County's news magazine show, exploring...

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So, we’re starting the final season in this podcast which is on the Dark Ages. But just how dark were they? One of the main themes of this new season will be to show the striking diversity of experience within western Eurasia and North Africa during the period from AD 700 to 1000 since, while the Dark Ages were, in my view, very dark for most of Europe, outside Europe, in the Middle East and North Africa, the period after the fall of the Roman Empire wasn’t necessarily that dark. The Dark Ages has become a Euro-centric term for the collapse of Roman civilization in Europe, but of course one of the key things about the Roman Empire was it wasn’t just European. We must remember that Rome was essentially a Mediterranean empire which extended into three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa.

And in Asia and Africa, the period that we in Europe call the Dark Ages was far from dark especially if you were a Muslim since the Islamic caliphates – the Umayyad and then the Abbasid – continued the astonishing rise of Islam after the death of Muhammad. 

In episode 113, we heard how, at the eastern end of Europe, the Byzantine emperor Leo III defeated an Arab army at the gates of Constantinople in the cold winter of 717/718. This was a turning point in history since it marked the first major setback for the Arabs.

But what about the west? And that’s where we turn to in this and the next few episodes as the Arabs launch a huge offensive, first, into Visigothic Spain, and then into the heartland of Frankish Gaul or modern-day France.

mosaic is Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County's news magazine show, exploring...

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Apologies for the long radio silence, I’ve been busy with other projects but now I want to update you on the next and final season in this podcast which I’m super excited about because it will cover what I regard as one of the most fascinating parts of the story of the fall of the Roman Empire – i.e. what happened after the fall? Now, we all know that this time was called the Dark Ages although there’s a huge amount of debate among historians about just how dark it was. Some see it as a total collapse of civilisation which wasn’t reversed for hundreds of years while others think it was a time when new ideas and cultures came into being which formed the melting pot for the later development of Europe and the Islamic world.

I think there’s truth in both of these views but it does depend where you were at the time. For example, if you were in Britain, then it was a truly dark time when civilisation returned to prehistoric levels, with the complete loss it seems of pretty much every civilised skill, from pottery to house building to literacy. But if you were in Syria or Egypt then you were part of the Islamic Empire which would go through its golden age over the next 300 years with Baghdad, for example, becoming the largest and wealthiest city on the planet with over a million people.

And what I want to do in this season of podcasts is to show the big picture of what was happening because I think historians sometimes lose sight of this. The problem arises because we’re not just dealing with the Roman Empire any more but really with three major successor states to Rome: first, the Arab empire; second, the Byzantine empire and, third, as we’ll soon hear, the rise of another great empire – the Frankish empire. 

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Why did Arabia rise so rapidly in the seventh century AD to become the dominant global superpower? In this episode, we look at a fascinating new theory.

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For a free ebook, maps and blogs check out my website nickholmesauthor.com

The Arab siege of Constantinople in 717/718 was one of the greatest turning points in all of history. Discover why in this episode.

mosaic is Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County's news magazine show, exploring...

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For a free ebook, maps and blogs check out my website nickholmesauthor.com