He was the Scottish rebel who fought against the English and has become the most famous freedom fighter in Scottish history.

In this episode, we'll learn all about his battles against the English, and the legacy that William Wallace left on the country.

• Introduction to mini-series on Scottish heroes
• The brutal execution of William Wallace
• Introduction to Scotland (as a part of the British Isles)
• William Wallace "the man" vs. William Wallace "the legend"
• The death of Alexander II
• Gaining a reputation as a hater of the English
• Raising a small army and fighting the English
• The battle of Stirling Bridge
• Being rewarded with the position of The Guardian of Scotland
• Edward II marching north to teach William Wallace a lesson
• The battle of Falkirk
• "The machine gun of the Middle Ages"
• Becoming a diplomat and going to Europe
• Capture and execution
• Legacy of William Wallace within Scotland
• 1995 film "Braveheart"

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/william-wallace

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It's often said that the pen is mightier than the sword, and throughout history there are books that have been considered too dangerous to be read. 

In this episode, we'll take a look at the times when governments have banned books, the reasons for this, and ask ourselves what this tells us about society.

• What's the link between The Bible, William Shakespeare, Harry Potter, The Quotations of Chairman Mao and Mickey Mouse?
• What does "banning" actually mean?
• Correlation between banning books and restricting civil liberties
• “….where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.“ 
• The invention of the Gutenberg Printing Press
• Indulgences of the Catholic Church
• Growth of printing (and importance of censorship)
• Reasons for banning books: political, sexual, moral & religious
• The banning of Mein Kampf
• The trial of Lady Chatterley's Lover
• What banning books does for book sales
• The debate around The Catcher in the Rye
• Religious bans & The Satanic Verses
• Banning books in 2021

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/banned-books

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He was an internet security pioneer, and his McAfee Antivirus software was used on hundreds of millions of computers all around the world.

But privately, he lived a crazy life that ended in tragedy.

In this episode, we'll learn all about the wild, wild, life of this cybersecurity legend.

• The early life of John McAfee
• Finding talent for mathematics
• Early vices: drink & drugs
• Being kicked out of his PhD programme
• Working in high-powered technology jobs (and developing a terrible drug addiction)
• Creating McAfee Antivirus and making money from paranoia
• Walking away with $80 million
• Becoming a target for hackers
• Losing all of his money in the financial crash
• Moving to Belize
• Claiming he was being extorted by the Belizean government
• The murder of George Faull
• Fleeing Belize
• Running for US President
• Attacking McAfee Antivirus
• Promoting cryptocurrency
• Being chased by the IRS and FBI
• The final chapter: The Spanish jail cell
• Conspiracy theories about his death

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/john-mcafee

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He is considered by many to be the greatest public speaker in British history, and his words and speeches were a defining force in the British war effort.

In this episode, we'll learn all about how Winston Churchill used the English language to inspire a nation.

• Winning the 1953 Nobel Prize for literature
• Early obstacles to being a great orator
• Completing his education on his own
• Studying the great English orators
• Spending four decades as a member of parliament
• Churchill's gift for storytelling
• The medium: the radio
• My grandfather's memories of Churchill's speeches
• Background to Churchill's speeches
• How Churchill wrote
• Writing more words than William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens combined
• Speech #1: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat“ 
• Speech #2: "We shall never surrender"
• Speech #3: "Give us the tools, and we will finish the job"
• Why Churchill's words are so powerful
• Churchill's wit (and some funny jokes)

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/winston-churchill-language

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In 2019, former Vice President Mike Pence said "Make no mistake about it - we're in a space race today".

Discover who the key players are, why there is a renewed interest in going to space, why it is now cheaper than ever before, and what the future of space exploration might look like.

• Enthusiasm for space post moon landing
• What was the next step in the first space race?
• Mike Pence's view on the new space race
• US, Russia and China
• The emergence of private space companies
• Why has going to space become cheaper?
• Space mining: what is it, and how does it work?
• Space junk?
• The benefits of space exploration for life on Earth
• Privacy and space
• The laws of space
• Reasons to be excited about a new space race
• Differences between the new and the old space race

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/space-race-3

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After the end of the Second World War, the US and the USSR were locked in a race to get to space first.

Discover how the race started, who scored all the early points, and why going to the moon first was the biggest prize in space history.

• End of World War II & Nazi V2 rockets
• The head of the USA space programme: Wernher von Braun
• The head of the USSR space programme: Sergei Korolev
• The early years of The Space Race
• Why there was such a desire to get to space
• Communism vs. Capitalism
• The first Sputnik Satellite
• Confusing The Americans
• First animals into space
• Yuri Gagarin: The first man in space
• 1962: A bold claim from President John F. Kennedy
• Next step "the moon"
• The alternative "man on the moon" plans

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/space-race-1

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It's a technology that some have said will bring in a Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Discover how 3D printing actually works, what industries it is revolutionising, and how it will (or won't) change every aspect of the world we live in.

• A brief history of the creation of objects
• 3D printing vs. traditional manufacturing
• Should we really call it "printing"?
• Early versions of 3D printing
• Patents & 3D printing
• Lowering of costs of 3D printing
• 3D printing & prototyping
• Recent cost reductions in 3D printing
• Revolutionising the global supply chain
• Example of a British car manufacturer
• 3D printing "anything"
• 3D printing in space
• Settlements on Mars
• 3D printing a cup, a new ear, and a full English breakfast
• The implications of 3D printing on the world we live in
• 3D printing guns & criticisms of 3D printing

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/3d-printing

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British food has a bad reputation. It's often considered boring, uninspiring, and tasteless.

But it hasn't always been this way.

Discover what role William the Conqueror, Henry VIII, The French Revolution and Colonialism all played in making British food taste the way it does.

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It is, by some standards, the most successful modern religion.

Discover how Scientology went from the pseudo-medical ideas of an out-of-luck science fiction writer to a religion that counts some of the world's most famous film stars among its believers.

• The early life of L. Ron Hubbard
• Discovering a talent as a science fiction writer
• L. Ron Hubbard's naval career
• Moving to Los Angeles and developing a self-help system
• The publication of Dianetics, a book that contained "more promises and less evidence per page than any publication since the invention of printing"
• L. Ron Hubbard's theory about how the brain worked
• Turning Dianetics into a religion
• Charging large amounts of money to believers
• Making extravagant purchases all over the world
• Scientology's legal troubles
• Launching the Sea Org
• Adding to the doctrine of Scientology
• The disappearance and death of L. Ron Hubbard
• David Miscavige: a new leader arises
• How many Scientologists are there?
• Advertising at The Super Bowl
• Hollywood Scientologists: Tom Cruise & John Travolta
• Criticisms of Scientology
• Scientology's tax battle in the United States
• What actually is a religion?

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/scientology

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Spices are an integral part of almost every cuisine in the world and are something that most of us now take for granted.

Yet spices used to be an incredibly valuable commodity and were the preserve of only the very richest in some societies. 

In this episode, we'll learn more about how they went from being the preserve of the very richest in society to something that we sprinkle on our dishes without worrying about the cost.

• What do we actually mean by "spice"?
• Is salt a spice?
• Theories about why hotter countries have spicier food
• Spices in Ancient Egypt
• Salt in Ancient Rome
• Pepper in the Middle Ages
• Spices as a status symbol
• King Edward I's spice bill in the 13th century
• Why were spices so expensive?
• Vasco Da Gama's trip to India
• Competition for spice in Asia
• The Spice Islands
• Swapping Manhattan for a tiny spice island
• The spice market today

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-spice

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