In this episode, Dr. Neghae Mawla joins Dr. Chris Beck to discuss endovascular AV fistula creation. The episode begins by discussing the advantages of fistulas versus catheters and grafts and how guidelines have changed from “Fistula First” to the most appropriate type of access for the patient. Dr. Mawla explains the details of how he determines candidates for the EndoAVF using ultrasound for vein mapping. We then review patient preparation for EndoAVF including anticoagulation, antibiotics, and anesthesia. We share the two main systems for EndoAVF, Avenu Ellipsys and the WavelinQ device and discuss the similarities and differences between these two approaches for fistula creation. Dr. Mawla walks through his ultrasound-guided techniques and the need for dual venous and arterial access with the WavelinQ device. They review some potential complications with using these devices, including hematomas and uncontrolled arterial bleeds, and post-procedural management. Dr. Mawla discusses timelines for evaluating venous maturation in patients and when a fistula is typically ready for use. He explains the differences between EndoAVF and surgically created fistulas, including several advantages of endo-anastomosis. The episode ends by talking about EndoAVF education in dialysis centers and collaborating with nursing staff, clinics, and both device companies to re-educate staff and patients on differences in cannulation.