In this episode, we discuss public distrust of politicians and the realities behind presidential approval polling before turning to the math of lotteries and why people continue to play despite the odds. We examine Maryland’s proposed reparations commission, including questions of eligibility, funding, legal responsibility, and the practical challenges of tying modern policy to historical injustice. We’re joined by Phil Magness to explore the economic history of slavery, the claim that capitalism was built on slave labor, and why slavery is fundamentally incompatible with free markets. We cover Adam Smith’s opposition to slavery, misconceptions about profit incentives, the global history of forced labor, and the moral and economic failures surrounding emancipation, closing with a broader discussion of capitalism, socialism, and historical accountability.

00:00 Introduction and Overview

00:44 Presidential Approval Ratings and Polling Reality

02:38 Why Americans Have Always Hated Politicians

03:35 Powerball, Probability, and the Math of Dreaming

06:51 Maryland’s Reparations Commission Explained

08:12 Who Pays and Who Gets Reparations?

10:03 Mitigation, Law, and the Reparations Problem

14:24 Introducing Phil Magness

15:02 Was Capitalism Built on Slavery?

17:59 Slavery as an Ancient Institution

19:50 Adam Smith’s Case Against Slavery

23:05 Why Slavery Is Anti-Capitalist

24:50 Pro-Slavery Economics and Feudalism

26:16 Founding Fathers, Hypocrisy, and Moral Failure

30:21 Slavery’s Global History and Misconceptions

32:06 Incentives, Profit, and Economic Naivety

34:53 Would Slavery Have Ended Without the Civil War?

37:59 Gradual Emancipation and Historical Alternatives

40:47 Socialism, Capitalism, and the Plantation Model

44:01 Final Reflections and Closing Thoughts

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