Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD

Educational Pearls:

What is a Nursemaid's Elbow?

• A condition in which an elbow gets partially pulled out of place (a radial head subluxation)
• Usually happens in kids under 5 because the ligaments around their elbow are still loose.
• A common situation is when an adult pulls a child up by the hand or swings them by the arms. The sudden tug causes the radius to slip out of its normal spot at the elbow joint.

How are they identified?

• These don’t normally need an xray
• The child will often hold their arm close to their side and refuse to use it
• There’s usually no swelling or obvious deformity.

Treatment?

• Reduce the radial head subluxation. There are two possible techniques:
  • Flexion and supination.
    • Start with the arm extended and pronated. Then supinate the forearm. Then bend the elbow up all the way.
  • Hyper-pronation.
    • One hand stabilizes just above the child’s elbow, the other holds the wrist. Start with the arm extended. Hyperpronate the forearm. Listen/feel for a click
• The child is normally back to normal quickly, if not get the xray

Which is better?

• Hyperpronation (Aksel, 2025)
  • 10% first attempt failure rate
  • Flexion-pronation has a 25% first attempt failure rate

References

1. Aksel G, Küka B, İslam MM, Demirkapı F, Öztürk İ, İşlek OM, Ademoğlu E, Eroğlu SE, Satıcı MO, Özdemir S. Comparison of supination/flexion maneuver to hyperpronation maneuver in the reduction of radial head subluxations: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2025 Feb;88:29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.11.026. Epub 2024 Nov 18. PMID: 39579408.
2. Ulici A, Herdea A, Carp M, Nahoi CA, Tevanov I. Nursemaid's Elbow - Supination-flexion Technique Versus Hyperpronation/forced Pronation: Randomized Clinical Study. Indian J Orthop. 2019 Jan-Feb;53(1):117-121. doi: 10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_442_17. PMID: 30905991; PMCID: PMC6394198.

Summarized by Jeffrey Olson, MS4 | Edited by Jeffrey Olson and Jorge Chalit, OMS4

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