Explaining History

Horatio Kitchener became one of the most iconic British military and imperial figures of the late 19th and early 20th Century. His role in Egypt, South Africa and on the Western Front helped develop this public persona. Kitchener's lasting legacy in Britain, however, was the creation of a massive new British Army in the early years of the First World War.

In January 1945 the city of Budapest was surrounded by the Red Army and Hitler's occupying forces made a desperate and futile last stand. The siege of the city by the Red Army is often overshadowed by the subsequent downfall of Berlin, but the consequences for the inhabitants were no less savage.

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In the second half of the 1930s the Polish Government abandoned its previously liberal policies towards Poland's large Jewish population and instead hoped to force mass migration to the British mandate of Palestine. Their partners in this endeavour were the extreme right wingers on the zionist movement, the revisionists, led by Vladimir Jabotinsky.If you can spare a dime towards the hosting, I'd be ever so grateful: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/help-fund-the-explaining-history-podcast/x/13613771#/

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In the 1960s a diverse movement of protest and activism closely associated (but not limited to) the hippy movement developed in the USA. The politicised parts of the counterculture demanded the overthow of capitalism but did not look to the USSR as a possible replacement - Soviet communism had long since been discredited.Webinar Links (discount code: WF0009023)Modern Britain: http://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Event/562Germany 1945-91: http://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Event/561Nazi Germanyhttp://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Event/563Soviet Russiahttp://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Event/564Also, if you can spare a dime towards the hosting, I'd be ever so grateful: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/help-fund-the-explaining-history-podcast/x/13613771#/

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In 1964 the Republican nominee for that year's presidential race, Barry Goldwater, was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Lyndon Johnson. However, the libertarian ideas that Goldwater advocated endured and developed throughout the 60s and 70s into a new right political orthodoxy that would finally be realised in the 1980s by Ronald Reagan.

When Leonid Brezhnev came to power in 1964 he was determined to undo many of the liberalising reforms of his predecessor Nikita Khrushchev. However, his appointment of Alexei Kosygin gave joint control of the economy to a moderniser who attempted to introduce more market based reforms.

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At the end of the Second World War, the USA reshaped the world economy in its own interests. The acute economic problems facing great Britain due to the cost of the war were a matter of indifference to many US policy makers and large sections of the American public. When John Maynard Keynes, Britain's pre-eminent economist proposed that Britain seek a loan from the USA, tough negotiations followed which would have a profound effect on post war Britain's economy and society.Also, if you can spare a dime in the annual crowd funding drive, I'd be terrifically grateful:https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/help-fund-the-explaining-history-podcast/x/13613771#/

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When Rudolf Hoess, the commandant of Auschwitz between 1940 and 1943 was tried for his crimes in 1947 he was open and revealing about the process of genocide at the camp and the attitudes of the SS men under his command to their work. The testimony raises as many questions and challenges for Holocaust historians as it answers.

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In 1916 a British officer, Thomas Edward Lawrence and an Arab prince, Feisal of Mecca led a guerrilla army of Bedouin against the Ottoman Empire in Arabia. In the 1920s Lawrence became an international celebrity due to his wartime exploits and he has remained a mythologised figure for much of the 20th Century.

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In 1922, during the turbulent early years of the Weimar Republic a social research institute was established in Frankfurt. It was set up by Marxist intellectuals and the alumni of the school had a massive impact on 20th Century thought, examining the workings of mass society, consumerism, culture, totalitarianism and the unconscious.