A teenage peasant who claimed to hear the voice of God — and changed the course of European history. 

At just seventeen, Joan of Arc convinced the French prince to let her lead an army against the English, turning the tide of the Hundred Years’ War. But her victories came at a price: captured, accused of heresy, and burned alive at nineteen. Was she a divinely inspired saviour or a dangerous fanatic? 

Centuries later, her story still provokes questions about faith, gender, and power — and how belief can turn an ordinary girl into a national saint.

GUESTS:

• Dr Charlotte Millar — Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Melbourne.    Author Witchcraft, the Devil & Emotions in Early Modern England
• Dr Stephanie Downes — Lecturer at La Trobe University, an expert on the history of English and French, and of books and writing of the period
• Dr Shaun Blanchard — Lecturer in Theology at the University of Notre Dame Australia. His anticipated fifth book – Catholicism and Enlightenment.

This is the first episode of God Forbid's Religious Rebels. A six-part special series exploring the lives of spiritual revolutionaries who defied empires, reshaped traditions — and sometimes paid with their lives.

What’s on the other side of the near-death experience?

Only half of all Australians understand Jesus to be a real person who lived at a time and place in history, according to the latest Australian Community Survey.

Two in 10 Australians said Jesus was a mythical or fictional character while three out of 10 didn’t know.

Their doubts stand in contrast to those of ancient historians, classicists and New Testament scholars, who universally accept that Jesus was a real person in time and place in history.

The question here is ontological: what makes “Jesus” Jesus? 

Is it enough that a man called Jesus (or Joshua or Yeshua), who became a charismatic teacher, was born around the turn of the millennium in Palestine? 

GUESTS:

• Dr John Dickson, Anglican cleric, historian and author of Is Jesus History?
• Professor Vrasidis Karalis, Professor of Greek at the University of Sydney
• Rev Dr Karen Pack, lecturer in history at Notre Dame Australia 

Sound Engineer: Antonia Gauci, Music by Russell Stapleton

This program was made on the lands of the Gadigal People

What separates humans from other animals? It’s not our brain hardware. 

It’s our always changing brain software.

For so long, humans believed our brain power separates us from animals: since the earliest human species, our brain size has tripled.

But our brains haven’t grown for 30,000 - probably 300,000 years.

So, why are we the ones who build cities and fly to space?  

Michael Muthukrishna calls it our collective culture.

As every generation passes our operating system gets a free upgrade, and we build on the knowledge of the generation before.

GUEST:

Professor Michael Muthukrishna is at the London School of Economics and, in January 2026, will take up a professorship at New York University 

This program was made on the lands of the Gadigal People of the Eora Nation

In the Pacific Ocean right now grey, humpback and southern right whale populations are increasing.

This is important for us all ecologically. But for some of us, even more is at stake.

Because around the world, from the equator to the Arctic, from Russia to New Zealand, throughout history and today, humans revere whales, as spiritual ancestors and as harbingers of fortune and protection.

And as we’ll learn, some communities and traditions even worship whales as gods. 

Which makes their near extinction in the 20th century nothing less than deicide.

GUESTS:

• Aike Peter Rots is principal investigator of the Whales of Power project at the University of Oslo.
• Mere Takoko is a leading Maori whale conservationist and founder and CEO of the Pacific Whale Fund.

Two days prior to the assassination of right-wing political activist Charlie Kirk, a group of writers at US-based feminist magazine, Jezebel, published an article stating that they 'Paid Some Etsy Witches to Curse Charlie Kirk’. The magazine has since pulled the article, on the advice of their lawyers, so as not to cause any confusion about their stance on political violence of any kind.  

Is it ever ethical to wish harm on someone, even if that harm is theoretical or supernatural? What code of ethics are witches bound to? And why do witches have such a complex relationship with right-wing politics? 

GUESTS

• Dr Caroline Tully – witchcraft maven, archaeologist, writer, tarot reader, and scholar of modern Pagan religions 
• Dr Kenneth Freeman – Adjunct Professor of social work at North Carolina Central University, author of the research paper Ethical parallels: an exploration of the NASW code of ethics, Wiccan Rede, and the growing influence of Wicca in the United States
• Dr Megan Goodwin – scholar of politics, and American religions, senior editor of Religion Dispatches, and author of Religion is Not Done With You

This episode of God Forbid was made on Gadigal land, in Naarm, and on the land of the Eno, Tuscarora and Occcaneechi peoples.

The art of marking the body, by piercing the flesh and pushing ink into the wound, the tattoo, has had an uneasy relationship with religion.

It's sometimes seen as a desecration of the body, but equally, the tattoo is venerated as a rite of passage and as a form of worship.

Then there are tattoos in the secular context. They are so common in Australia now,  it’s actually hard to find a body under the age of 40 NOT permanently marked by ink.  

It’s a fascinating form of human expression, both in existence for millennia, and changing before our eyes.

GUESTS:

• LARS KRUTAK is an anthropologist and documentary maker who specialises in tattoos and their cultural significance. . His new book Indigenous Tattoo Traditions  (Princeton University Press) explores the role of tattooing cross-culturally. 
• JULIA MAGEAU GRAY is a researcher, documentary maker, and tattoo artist. Julia is credited with revitalising women's tattoo traditions across Melanesia

Two thousand years ago, Christianity was an obscure movement with no wealth, power, or friends in high places. Yet within a few centuries, its radical commitment to human dignity, charity and non-violence transformed the Roman world and helped shape the civilisation we live in today.

How did a powerless sect became the most influential religion on Earth? From ancient plagues and persecution to today’s debates about faith and society: can Christianity still turn the world upside down?

GUESTS:

• Greg Sheridan – Foreign editor of The Australian and author of several books on Christianity’s modern relevance, including  How Christians can succeed today – reclaiming the genius of the early church.
• Dr Karen Pack – Historian at the University of Notre Dame, ordained minister specialising in the early church and author of Queer Omissions: Unmarried Women and Social Justice Activism in the Church

This episode of God Forbid was made on Gadigal land and in Naarm.

It’s hard to believe that one in three young Australian adults go regularly to worship services – more than any other age group. But it’s true and men are leading the charge.

It’s a puzzle, because it breaks two longstanding rules of religion: believers are typically female and old.

Remember back in 2000. Even the most optimistic priest wouldn’t have predicted that would change.  The Cold War was over, religion was set to fade way – replaced globally with rationalism, liberalism and democracy. 

Generation Xers were finishing the work of their baby boomer parents - rejecting once and for all church moralising, hypocrisy, and dogma.

But the children of Generation X are now young adults themselves. And just as the hippie boomers rebelled, Gen Y and especially Gen Z are rebelling against their atheist parents by turning to God.

Remembering too, what the so-called rationalist generation bequeathed today’s young adults – a world of debt, insecurity, and climate chaos. Why not look elsewhere for meaning and purpose?

GUESTS:

• Dr Intifar Chowdhury Lecturer in Government at Flinders University, where she studies the political attitudes of young Australians.
• Dr Anna Halafoff  Associate Professor of Sociology at Deakin University, coordinator of their Spirituality and Wellbeing Research Network.
• Emelia Haskey Undergraduate at the University of Divinity Adelaide where she’s in training to become a minister of the Uniting Church.

We live in a universe that sustains life – but what are the chances of that? 

And scientists now believe that if the laws of physics were different by just a fraction – our universe would be either empty, simple, or long ago extinct.

If the strength of gravity or the mass of an electron was different by even the tiniest amount, the universe as we know it would not exist. So tiny even that the difference itself is almost beyond comprehension.

Why has this cosmic fine tuning come about? The philosophical and even religious implications are so profound, that this is one of the most exciting questions in astrophysics.

Which is why it’s so exciting that this week on the God Forbid panel, we have two internationally acclaimed astrophysicists. 

GUESTS:

• Luke Barnes - Senior Lecturer and astrophysicist at Western Sydney University
• Geraint Lewis - Professor of astrophysics at The University of Sydney

This program was made on the land of the Gadigal People of the Eora Nation