In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses gallstone disease, one of the most common disorders affecting the biliary system and a frequent cause of abdominal pain, emergency presentations and gastrointestinal complications. He examines how gallstones develop, focusing on the metabolic, hormonal, genetic and environmental factors that contribute to their formation. The discussion then follows the clinical progression from asymptomatic cholelithiasis and biliary colic to acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Dr Henderson reviews the role of ultrasound, laboratory investigations, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis, before considering current approaches to management, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic intervention. Finally, he highlights important complications and clinical red flags, providing a concise framework for recognising and managing gallstone disease in everyday medical practice.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/gastroenterology/ep-226-gallstones">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/gastroenterology/ep-226-gallstones</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro">Learn more</a>.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses gallstone disease, one of the most common disorders affecting the biliary system and a frequent cause of abdominal pain, emergency presentations and gastrointestinal complications. He examines how gallstones develop, focusing on the metabolic, hormonal, genetic and environmental factors that contribute to their formation. The discussion then follows the clinical progression from asymptomatic cholelithiasis and biliary colic to acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Dr Henderson reviews the role of ultrasound, laboratory investigations, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis, before considering current approaches to management, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic intervention. Finally, he highlights important complications and clinical red flags, providing a concise framework for recognising and managing gallstone disease in everyday medical practice. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/gastroenterology/ep-226-gallstones Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses gallstone disease, one of the most common disorders affecting the biliary system and a frequent cause of abdominal pain, emergency presentations and gastrointestinal complications. He examines how gallstones develop, focusing on the metabolic, hormonal, genetic and environmental factors that contribute to their formation. The discussion then follows the clinical progression from asymptomatic cholelithiasis and biliary colic to acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Dr Henderson reviews the role of ultrasound, laboratory investigations, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis, before considering current approaches to management, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic intervention. Finally, he highlights important complications and clinical red flags, providing a concise framework for recognising and managing gallstone disease in everyday medical practice.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/gastroenterology/ep-226-gallstones" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/gastroenterology/ep-226-gallstones</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 226 – Gallstones

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores a fascinating and sometimes unsettling area of clinical practice: parasomnias. Sleep is something everyone experiences, but for some patients it is far from quiet or predictable: they may walk, shout, experience vivid nightmares or even physically act out their dreams, leaving both them and their partners confused, frightened or concerned about what these behaviours might mean. For GPs, recognising the pattern is crucial. Is the episode occurring early or late in the night? Is the patient confused or fully alert afterwards? Do they remember what happened, and could medication, another sleep disorder or an underlying neurological condition be contributing? Here, we cover the key clinical features of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, nightmare disorder and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder, and discuss practical approaches to their assessment, differential diagnosis and management.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/neurology/ep-227-parasomnia">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/neurology/ep-227-parasomnia</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">Learn more</a>.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores a fascinating and sometimes unsettling area of clinical practice: parasomnias. Sleep is something everyone experiences, but for some patients it is far from quiet or predictable: they may walk, shout, experience vivid nightmares or even physically act out their dreams, leaving both them and their partners confused, frightened or concerned about what these behaviours might mean. For GPs, recognising the pattern is crucial. Is the episode occurring early or late in the night? Is the patient confused or fully alert afterwards? Do they remember what happened, and could medication, another sleep disorder or an underlying neurological condition be contributing? Here, we cover the key clinical features of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, nightmare disorder and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder, and discuss practical approaches to their assessment, differential diagnosis and management. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/neurology/ep-227-parasomnia Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores a fascinating and sometimes unsettling area of clinical practice: parasomnias. Sleep is something everyone experiences, but for some patients it is far from quiet or predictable: they may walk, shout, experience vivid nightmares or even physically act out their dreams, leaving both them and their partners confused, frightened or concerned about what these behaviours might mean. For GPs, recognising the pattern is crucial. Is the episode occurring early or late in the night? Is the patient confused or fully alert afterwards? Do they remember what happened, and could medication, another sleep disorder or an underlying neurological condition be contributing? Here, we cover the key clinical features of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, nightmare disorder and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder, and discuss practical approaches to their assessment, differential diagnosis and management.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/neurology/ep-227-parasomnia" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/neurology/ep-227-parasomnia</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 227 – Parasomnia

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses unstable angina and its place within the spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. Although advances in high-sensitivity troponin testing mean that unstable angina is diagnosed less frequently than in the past, recognising the clinical syndrome remains essential. For GPs, the challenge is distinguishing acute myocardial ischaemia from other causes of chest discomfort, while identifying those patients who require urgent investigation and treatment. The episode covers the underlying pathophysiology, the clinical features that should raise suspicion and the role of the electrocardiogram and high-sensitivity troponin in contemporary diagnosis. It also explores risk stratification, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, symptom management, indications for invasive assessment and secondary prevention. Most importantly, it considers how careful clinical reasoning can help GPs identify high-risk patients early and avoid missing alternative life-threatening diagnoses.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-224-unstable-angina" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-224-unstable-angina</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">Learn more</a>.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses unstable angina and its place within the spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. Although advances in high-sensitivity troponin testing mean that unstable angina is diagnosed less frequently than in the past, recognising the clinical syndrome remains essential. For GPs, the challenge is distinguishing acute myocardial ischaemia from other causes of chest discomfort, while identifying those patients who require urgent investigation and treatment. The episode covers the underlying pathophysiology, the clinical features that should raise suspicion and the role of the electrocardiogram and high-sensitivity troponin in contemporary diagnosis. It also explores risk stratification, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, symptom management, indications for invasive assessment and secondary prevention. Most importantly, it considers how careful clinical reasoning can help GPs identify high-risk patients early and avoid missing alternative life-threatening diagnoses. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-224-unstable-angina Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson discusses unstable angina and its place within the spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. Although advances in high-sensitivity troponin testing mean that unstable angina is diagnosed less frequently than in the past, recognising the clinical syndrome remains essential. For GPs, the challenge is distinguishing acute myocardial ischaemia from other causes of chest discomfort, while identifying those patients who require urgent investigation and treatment. The episode covers the underlying pathophysiology, the clinical features that should raise suspicion and the role of the electrocardiogram and high-sensitivity troponin in contemporary diagnosis. It also explores risk stratification, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, symptom management, indications for invasive assessment and secondary prevention. Most importantly, it considers how careful clinical reasoning can help GPs identify high-risk patients early and avoid missing alternative life-threatening diagnoses.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-224-unstable-angina" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-224-unstable-angina</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 224 – Unstable angina

In this episode, Dr Hannah Rosa discusses hypercalcaemia and how it can be managed in five steps. She reviews when to suspect hypercalcaemia and the most common causes of a raised calcium. She also covers further investigations that can be undertaken in primary care, management in secondary care and follow-up in primary care. At the end, there is a chance to put the learning into a clinical context with a quick quiz.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/ep-218-hypercalcaemia" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/ep-218-hypercalcaemia</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">Learn more</a>.

In this episode, Dr Hannah Rosa discusses hypercalcaemia and how it can be managed in five steps. She reviews when to suspect hypercalcaemia and the most common causes of a raised calcium. She also covers further investigations that can be undertaken in primary care, management in secondary care and follow-up in primary care. At the end, there is a chance to put the learning into a clinical context with a quick quiz. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/ep-218-hypercalcaemia Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

In this episode, Dr Hannah Rosa discusses hypercalcaemia and how it can be managed in five steps. She reviews when to suspect hypercalcaemia and the most common causes of a raised calcium. She also covers further investigations that can be undertaken in primary care, management in secondary care and follow-up in primary care. At the end, there is a chance to put the learning into a clinical context with a quick quiz.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/ep-218-hypercalcaemia" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/ep-218-hypercalcaemia</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 218 – Hypercalcaemia

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores carotid artery stenosis and its role in the prevention of ischaemic stroke. Carotid disease is common, but managing it effectively is far from straightforward. The key clinical questions are not simply how narrow the artery is, but whether the stenosis is responsible for the patient's neurological symptoms, what mechanism is causing cerebral ischaemia, and whether revascularisation offers greater benefit than modern medical therapy. The episode explores the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the evidence supporting carotid endarterectomy, the importance of timing after transient ischaemic attack or stroke, and the evolving role of carotid stenting. It also considers plaque vulnerability, contemporary medical therapy and how these factors influence decisions about intervention in everyday clinical practice.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-225-carotid-artery-stenosis">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-225-carotid-artery-stenosis</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro">Learn more</a>.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores carotid artery stenosis and its role in the prevention of ischaemic stroke. Carotid disease is common, but managing it effectively is far from straightforward. The key clinical questions are not simply how narrow the artery is, but whether the stenosis is responsible for the patient's neurological symptoms, what mechanism is causing cerebral ischaemia, and whether revascularisation offers greater benefit than modern medical therapy. The episode explores the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the evidence supporting carotid endarterectomy, the importance of timing after transient ischaemic attack or stroke, and the evolving role of carotid stenting. It also considers plaque vulnerability, contemporary medical therapy and how these factors influence decisions about intervention in everyday clinical practice. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-225-carotid-artery-stenosis Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

In this episode, Dr Roger Henderson explores carotid artery stenosis and its role in the prevention of ischaemic stroke. Carotid disease is common, but managing it effectively is far from straightforward. The key clinical questions are not simply how narrow the artery is, but whether the stenosis is responsible for the patient's neurological symptoms, what mechanism is causing cerebral ischaemia, and whether revascularisation offers greater benefit than modern medical therapy. The episode explores the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the evidence supporting carotid endarterectomy, the importance of timing after transient ischaemic attack or stroke, and the evolving role of carotid stenting. It also considers plaque vulnerability, contemporary medical therapy and how these factors influence decisions about intervention in everyday clinical practice.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at:<a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-225-carotid-artery-stenosis" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/cardiovascular-medicine/ep-225-carotid-artery-stenosis</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 225 – Carotid artery stenosis

{
"tags": ["Paediatrics"],
"author": "Dr Kevin Fernando",
"description":""
}

{ "tags": ["Paediatrics"], "author": "Dr Kevin Fernando", "description":"" }

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children

Dr Kevin Fernando discusses detection and management of the condition in primary care, including how presentation in children differs from that in adults.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/paediatrics/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/paediatrics/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro">Learn more</a>.

Dr Kevin Fernando discusses detection and management of the condition in primary care, including how presentation in children differs from that in adults. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/paediatrics/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

Dr Kevin Fernando discusses detection and management of the condition in primary care, including how presentation in children differs from that in adults.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/paediatrics/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/paediatrics/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-children</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 3 – Obstructive sleep apnoea in children

{
"tags": ["Diabetes and endocrinology"],
"author": "Dr Kevin Fernando",
"description":""
}

{ "tags": ["Diabetes and endocrinology"], "author": "Dr Kevin Fernando", "description":"" }

Diagnostic dilemmas and classification conundrums in diabetes

Dr Kevin Fernando takes us through brief case scenarios to illustrate diagnostic tips and pitfalls in primary care.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/diagnostic-dilemmas-and-classification-conundrums-in-diabetes">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/diagnostic-dilemmas-and-classification-conundrums-in-diabetes</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro">Learn more</a>.

Dr Kevin Fernando takes us through brief case scenarios to illustrate diagnostic tips and pitfalls in primary care. Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/diagnostic-dilemmas-and-classification-conundrums-in-diabetes Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

Dr Kevin Fernando takes us through brief case scenarios to illustrate diagnostic tips and pitfalls in primary care.Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/diagnostic-dilemmas-and-classification-conundrums-in-diabetes" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/diabetes-and-endocrinology/diagnostic-dilemmas-and-classification-conundrums-in-diabetes</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 2 – Diagnostic dilemmas and classification conundrums in diabetes

{
"tags": ["General Practice"],
"author": "Dr Kevin Fernando",
"description":""
}

{ "tags": ["General Practice"], "author": "Dr Kevin Fernando", "description":"" }

Abnormal Liver Blood Test

Kevin discusses interpretation and management of mildly abnormal liver blood tests in primary care. What are the possible causes? And what should the next step be?Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/general-practice/abnormal-liver-blood-test">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/general-practice/abnormal-liver-blood-test</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro">Learn more</a>.

Kevin discusses interpretation and management of mildly abnormal liver blood tests in primary care. What are the possible causes? And what should the next step be? Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/general-practice/abnormal-liver-blood-test Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. Learn more.

Kevin discusses interpretation and management of mildly abnormal liver blood tests in primary care. What are the possible causes? And what should the next step be?Access episode show notes containing key references and take-home points at: <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/general-practice/abnormal-liver-blood-test" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/podcasts/general-practice/abnormal-liver-blood-test</a> Did you know? With GPnotebook Pro, you can earn CPD credits by tracking the podcast episodes you listen to. <a href="https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/gpnotebook-pro" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a>.

Ep 1 – Abnormal liver blood test

A bite-sized, regular chat for all healthcare professionals working in primary care. Episodes cover clinical tips and hot topics. New episodes published every Thursday or Friday.

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