From 1909 to the 1970s, the state of California performed one third of all sterilizations in the United States. 20,000 sterilizations were performed during these years, to people that did not consent. The case of Madrigal v. Quilligan, took place in Los Angeles in the 1970s. Many unsuspecting women were coerced to sign paperwork to perform their sterilization, while others were told that the process could be reversed.

Cristina tells Carmen about this dark chapter in California history and they also discuss the book Solito by Javier Zamora.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources: No Mas Bebes. 2015. Directed by Renee Tajima-Peña
https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/madrigal-v-quilligan#:~:text=and%20Photographs%20Division.-,Madrigal%20v.,for%20involuntary%20or%20forced%20sterilization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrigal_v._Quilligan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_m%C3%A1s_beb%C3%A9s https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/01/magazine/when-doctors-took-family-planning-into-their-own-hands.html
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36db64c71e274d5092cfdd68f5b3c541
Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX 

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The Guatemalan Syphilis experiments were conducted in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. They were led by John Cutler, who would go on participate in the Tuskegee Experiments. This was unknown, until Historian and Professor Susan Mokotoff Reverby found Cutler's archives, while she was researching the Tuskegee Experiments. Guatemala has condemned these experiments as crimes against humanity.

Carmen tells Cristina about this dark chapter in Guatemala history and it's aftermath. They also discuss the recent news about Nury Martinez, former president of the Los Angeles City Council and her racists remarks.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram, you can find pictures of topics discussed: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ Website: https://www.historiasunknown.com/

Sources:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-guatemala-syphilis/u-s-researchers-broke-rules-in-guatemala-syphilis-study-idUSTRE77S3L120110829 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828982/  http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/cover_story/2017/02/guatemala_syphilis_experiments_worse_than_tuskegee.html 
https://www.voanews.com/a/judge-lawsuit-over-guatemala-syphilis-experiment-to-proceed/4730000.html
https://www.law.com/2022/04/22/federal-judge-dismisses-suit-against-johns-hopkins-rockefeller-foundation-over-nonconsensual-human-medical-experiments-in-guatemala/?slreturn=20220909212146 

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Eugenics was developed largely by Sir Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, eugenics was increasingly discredited as unscientific and racially biased during the 20th century and it also informed many policies in California. In California, Mexicans were targeted by eugenic policies, making up the majority of people sterilized in during the 1900s.

Cristina tells Carmen about eugenic history, sterilizations and how the same rhetoric exists today, in stereotypes about "dirty Mexicans" and "hyper breeder" Latina women.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:
http://www.processhistory.org/sara-rosas-garcia/
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/california-compensates-victims-forced-sterilizations-many-latinasrcna1471#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16640386522730&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Flatino%2Fcalifornia-compensates-victims-forced-sterilizations-many-latinas-rcna1471
Stern, A. (2016). Eugenic Nation (2nd ed.). University of California Press.

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/

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Cliserio Reyes was a young boy in Mexico when the Torreon airport was built. He loved airplanes and dreamed of flying. This is the story of his dream. Since Carmen and I were busy to record together for this week, enjoy this mini-sode!

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 
 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:
https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813604,00.htm https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/cliserio-reyes-el-nino-mexicano-que-volo-a-12-mil-pies-montado-a-fuera-de-un-avion.html#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16603650652815&referrer=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicodesconocido.com.mx%2Fcliserio-reyes-el-nino-mexicano-que-volo-a-12-mil-pies-montado-a-fuera-de-un-avion.htm https://www.tusbuenasnoticias.com/noticias/mexico/2022/06/23/13636-cliserio-reyes-el-joven-de-torreon-que-volo-agarrado-de-un-avion-y-luego-se-convirtio-en-piloto-comercial#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16603650652815&referrer=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tusbuenasnoticias.com%2Fnoticias%2Fmexico%2F2022%2F06%2F23%2F13636-cliserio-reyes-el-joven-de-torreon-que-volo-agarrado-de-un-avion-y-luego-se-convirtio-en-piloto-comercial

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX
Sound effects and other music licensed through Envato Elements

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/ 

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September 16th is Mexican Independence day, why not talk about another Mexican war, the Mexican revolution. While people like Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata are discussed when the revolution is discussed, there are people that are forgotten or erased from history. Today, we wanted to share two queer revolutionaries, Amelio Robles Avila and Manuel Palafox.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelio_Robles_%C3%81vila https://www.intomore.com/culture/amelio-robles-avila-trans-legend-of-the-mexican-revolution/
https://libcom.org/article/amelio-robles-gait-old-soldier-transgender-masculinity-mexican-revolution-gabriela-cano
https://opencuny.org/rqmh/historical-vignettes/palafox/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Palafo https://culturacolectiva.com/history/emiliano-zapata-sexual-myth/ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/ 

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It's labor day week, let's talk about a less known labor movement leader, Emma Beatrice Tenayuca. She was an American Labor leader and union organizer, yet, she's not as well known as other Mexican-American labor leaders that we know today, like Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. She fought for Mexican workers in Texas, but is most well known for her role as a leader in the 1938 San Antonio Pecan shellers strike. 

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Tenayuca
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tenayuca-emma-beatrice https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/thats-not-fair-no-es-justo/

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade 
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/

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Mana is one of the most famous Mexican pop rock bands and their song, En El Muelle de San Blas is one their most well known and loved songs. It is based on a true story, but the true story and the song have their differences. This is the story behind Rebeca Blanca Leticia Suarez Mendez, the woman behind the song.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 
 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources

https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/2019/05/26/la-verdadera-historia-de-rebeca-mendez-la-mujer-que-inspiro-la-cancion-de-mana-en-el-muelle-de-san-blas/#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16603660717424&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Fteleshow%2F2019%2F05%2F26%2Fla-verdadera-historia-de-rebeca-mendez-la-mujer-que-inspiro-la-cancion-de-mana-en-el-muelle-de-san-blas%2F https://culturacolectiva.com/musica/el-muelle-de-san-blas-cancione-de-mana-historia-real-letra/#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16603660717424&referrer=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fculturacolectiva.com%2Fmusica%2Fel-muelle-de-san-blas-cancione-de-mana-historia-real-letra%2F
La Novia Del Muelle by Blanca Leticia Suarez

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

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The hard shell taco has become synonymous with Taco Bell and "white" people tacos, but the history and heritage of it, is actually very Mexican. The patent for the first hard shell taco mold was placed by a Oaxacan immigrant and the "inspiration" behind Taco Bell came from a woman who migrated from Jalisco, Mexico. So, how did this dish become white washed? Today, we bring you the history of the hard shell taco, a little bit of appropriation talk and a little bit of tiktok talk.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Tiktok videos mentioned in today's episode: https://www.tiktok.com/@alexa.alexuh/video/7123335964554071342 https://www.tiktok.com/@janellerohner/video/7111779233600425262

Sources:

https://whatsuppub.com/arts_culture/books/article_febfef9a-d859-11e2-87f6-0019bb30f31a.html https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/an-oral-history-of-hard-shell-tacos
https://medium.com/the-interlude/historias-de-la-cocina-hard-shell-tacos-f380be90fb93 https://www.mitlacafesb.com/aboutus
https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210630-how-taco-bell-stole-the-taco https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/where-did-the-taco-come-from-81228162/ https://archives.sfweekly.com/foodie/2011/08/17/where-did-crispy-tacos-come-from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Bell

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX
Sound Effect from Pixabay 

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/ 

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Adoption is often presented as the solution to abortion, but the dark side of adoption is rarely talked about. In between 1996 and 2007, Guatemala was one of the major providers of children for international adoption and while for adoptive parents in the US, this was a win, the Guatemalan adoption system was riddled with corruption, coercion and abductions. This led to necessary reform that still has its flaws.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:

http://www.icwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/EKF-18.pdf Adoption in Guatemala -

Wikipedia  Cleaning Up International Adoptions -

TIME (archive.org) To catch a baby broker -

International adoption- msnbc.com (archive.org)

https://web.archive.org/web/20080127125525/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22756856/ 

Guatemala | Adoption | Gender & Justice Project | Schuster Institute | Brandeis University

Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/ 

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In the summer of 1969, El Salvador and Honduras played three soccer games against each other and the winner would move on to the 1970 world cup. As they played the game of their lives, the soccer players had no idea the events that followed, would be known as the soccer war (also known as the one hundred hour war). For 4 days, El Salvador and Honduras were at war with each other.

If you have topic suggestions, thoughts or any comments feel free to email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources:

https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-48785805#amp_ct=1656476189484&_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16564761446155&csi=1&referrer=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias-america-latina-48785805
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_War
Our dad!
Music Credit: Hustlin' (Instrumental) · NEFFEX

Mentioned in this episode: Roe v wade
For more information visit: https://choice.crd.co/ 

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