Historias Unknown

After Salvador Allende's presidency in Chile and the coup that deposed him, one man rose to power: Augusto Pinochet. A figure shrouded in ambiguity until the devastating consequences of his rule unfolded. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about what who Augusto Pinochet was and the weeks that followed the coup of 1973. While many celebrated the coup, followers of Allende mourned, recognizing the ominous future ahead. Pinochet's unassuming demeanor masked his vehement anti-Marxist stance and disdain for Allende. Despite initial doubts about Pinochet's involvement in the coup, he emerged as a pivotal figure. His regime unleashed a reign of terror, marked by thousands of deaths, disappearances, and widespread repression, revealing the true extent of his ruthless authoritarianism.

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

A Nation Of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet by Pamela Constable & Arturo Valenzuela
The Pinochet FIle by Peter Kornbluh
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/pinochet/overview.htm https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6606013 https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictator-ruler
https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/revisited/20230908-five-decades-on-chile-still-grapples-with-legacy-of-pinochet-dictatorship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto

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On 9/11/1973, Salvador Allende’s government was overthrown by the military. Among the conspirators was Chile’s future dictator, Augusto Pinochet.

In this episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the day of the coup, and Allende’s final moments. This is part two of a series on Chile. In part one, Historias Unknown covered the life of Allende, leading up to the coup. The next episodes in the series will cover the Pinochet regime and the end of the dictatorship in the next few episodes.

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Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ W

Sources
Salvador Allende: Revolutionary Democrat by Victor Figueroa Clark https://www.npr.org/2019/02/22/696057482/trumps-venezuela-moves-follow-long-history-of-intervention-in-latin-america 
https://www.npr.org/2023/09/10/1193755188/chile-coup-50-years-pinochet-kissinger-human-rights-allende 
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/salvador-allende-killed/  https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/chile-coup-timeline/  https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/marxism  https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-10-chile/primary-documents-w-accompanying-discussion-questions/document-25-final-speech-by-salvador-allende-1973/  https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-10-chile/figures-in-chilean-history/ 
https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-05-26/the-private-meeting-between-kissinger-and-pinochet-in-chile-we-want-to-help.html#?rel=mas 
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/chile/2023-08-08/chiles-coup-50-kissinger-briefed-nixon-failed-1970-cia-plot-block 
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/6/fifty-years-after-chiles-coup-the-search-for-truth-continues 
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Salvador-Allende  

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Salvador Allende died during the US backed coup of Chile, but other than that, not a lot of people are familiar with who he was. In this episode, Carmen goes over a brief history of Chile, focusing on Salvador Allende, leading up to his presidency and the events that unfolded during his time in office. Allende's upbringing within a politically active family, his education, and his early involvement in left-wing politics. As well as the socio-political context of Chile during Allende's formative years, emphasizing the country's economic turmoil, social inequality, and the emergence of leftist movements amidst government repression.

Carmen tells Cristina about Salvador Allende's life, political ideology, and the complex socio-political landscape of Chile during his presidency, and the covert interventions by the US, aimed at destabilizing his government. This is just part one, Historias Unknown will be covering the coup, the pinochet regime and the end of the dictatorship in the next few episodes.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources

Salvador Allende: Revolutionary Democrat by Victor Figueroa Clark https://www.npr.org/2019/02/22/696057482/trumps-venezuela-moves-follow-long-history-of-intervention-in-latin-america 
https://www.npr.org/2023/09/10/1193755188/chile-coup-50-years-pinochet-kissinger-human-rights-allende 
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/salvador-allende-killed/  https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/chile-coup-timeline/  https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/marxism  https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-10-chile/primary-documents-w-accompanying-discussion-questions/document-25-final-speech-by-salvador-allende-1973/  https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-10-chile/figures-in-chilean-history/ 
https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-05-26/the-private-meeting-between-kissinger-and-pinochet-in-chile-we-want-to-help.html#?rel=mas 
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/chile/2023-08-08/chiles-coup-50-kissinger-briefed-nixon-failed-1970-cia-plot-block 
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/6/fifty-years-after-chiles-coup-the-search-for-truth-continues 
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Salvador-Allende  

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On the 18th of April of 1996, 6-year-old Luis Corzo was abducted together with his father Juan Corzo, Jr. from their home by seven rifle-armed intruders. The kidnapping was organised by a group called "Los Pasaco", who were the most feared group of criminals in Guatemala in the early 90s. During the month-long captivity Juan Corzo, Jr. was physically tortured to pressure the family into sending money for ransom. Eventually, Juan was released on the 30th day and told to gather more ransom money in order to have Luis released. Three days later, Luis was released in the small town of Chiquimulilla, Santa Rosa.

Pasaco, 1996 is an investigative photography project by Luis Corzo, which contains archival media, as well as new documentation of locations, people, and objects that took part in the act. By making the work Luis wants to initiate conversations surrounding the story; those of violence, corruption, capital punishment, and criminal rehabilitation. Luis Corzo is a Guatemalan Brooklyn based artist with award winning work in photography and video, follow him on IG at @cor.zo and check out his amazing project, which he discussed in this episode: Pasaco, 1996. Kult (the shipping cost will be adjusted) Printed Matter PhotoEye Delpire&Co

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La Cucaracha is a popular Mexican folk song, there's no doubt that almost everyone has heard a version of this song. But, where does it come from? On today's episode of Historias Unknown, Cristina tells Carmen about where the popular song came from.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Cucaracha
https://medium.com/@nevaer1/la-cucarachas-cruel-shadow-a1c41d45005e https://nuestrostories.com/2022/09/from-satire-to-folk-music-the-symbolism-behind-la-cucaracha/ https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsc.04550/ 

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On December 20, 1989 the United States launched Operation Just Cause, invading Panama, under the guise of capturing dictator Manuel Noriega. This invasion is often told from the US perspective, and the suffering of Panamians is overlooked and minimized. To this day, the number of Panamanians that lost their lives from this invasion is still unknown, but the numbers range from 500 to 5000.

On today's episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the US invasion of Panama.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega   https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/30/general-manuel-noriega-feared-panamanian-dictator-cia-asset 
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/invasion-of-panama/  https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-invasion-of-Panama  https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/1/31/the-truth-behind-us-operation-just-cause-in-panama  https://chiriqui.life/topic/11311-the-us-invasion-of-panama-operation-just-cause-december-20-1989-and-national-reflection-day-national-mourning-day/  http://comision20dediciembrede1989.org.pa/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Registro-de-Victimas-Dic-2023-11-12-2023.pdf 
https://www.usip.org/publications/2001/01/truth-commission-panama
Diaspora Dash on X: https://x.com/DiasporaDash?s=20 

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On July 30, 1975 Salvadoran students were peacefully protesting in San Salvador when they were met by police and national guard, who opened fire on them. This massacre was a turning point in Salvadoran history and directly contributed to the buildup to El Salvador's civil war.

In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the student massacre of 1975 in El Salvador.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/
Sources
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/massacre-el-salvador/ https://www.revistadebate.net/sobreviviente-cuenta-en-toronto-su-dolorosa-vivencia-durante-masacre-en-el-salvador/
https://fightbacknews.org/articles/more-2000-march-july-30-el-salvador-commemorate-1975-student-massacre
https://cispes.org/article/students-denounce-supreme-court-manipulation-commemoration-1975-massacre
https://www.salvacultura.com/home/39-years-of-resistance-in-el-salvador-commemorating-student-massacare-of-july-30th-1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Salvadoran_student_massacre https://www.cispes.org/article/under-state-exception-and-constitutional-crisis-el-salvador-hosts-miss-universe-pageant

Bukele update info: 
https://www.cispes.org/article/why-consecutive-reelection-unconstitutional-el-salvador 

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Ruben Salazar was an activist, journalist and reporter. He highlighted Mexican American issues during a time when no one else was. He was killed during the Chicano Moratorium, which Carmen discussed in the last episode.

In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about Ruben Salazar.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/ 

Sources
https://www.latimes.com/projects/chicano-moratorium/reporter-quest-answers-ruben-salazar-death/ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-26-mn-39122-story.html https://library.sonoma.edu/research/guides/regional/notablepeople/salazar#:~:text=Ruben%20Salazar%2C%20born%20in%201928,a%20bachelor's%20degree%20in%20journalism. https://rubensalazarproject.com/2012/06/14/the-story-of-ruben/ https://www.latimes.com/projects/chicano-moratorium/ruben-salazar-changed-news-chicano-culture/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruben_Salazar https://www.democracynow.org/2010/8/31/slain_latino_journalist_ruben_salazar_killed https://web.archive.org/web/20190121135108/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/nov/18/local/me-35015
http://www.nomadicborder.com/the-chicano-moratorium-50-years-later.html 

Support and Information on Palestine:

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Podcasts 

Public Health and Palestine 

The Asymptomatic Two State Solution Debunking the Most Common Anti-Palestinian Talking Points

Reading List

https://tadweenpublishing.com/blogs/news/essential-readings-palestinians-in-latin-america https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/g36449834/books-israel-palestine-conflict/ 

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On August 29, 1970, East LA became the scene for the largest antiwar protest organized by people of color in US history, in which 20,000 to 30,000 people participated in the National Chicano Moratorium to protest against the disproportionate loss of Mexican-American servicemen in the Vietnam War. In this episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the Chicano Moratorium. This is part one of two.

In part two, Cristina will talk about Ruben Salazar, who was killed during the Chicano Moratorium.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected] 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Sources for this episode
https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/national-chicano-moratorium http://www.nomadicborder.com/the-chicano-moratorium-50-years-later.html  https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/departures/the-chicano-moratorium  https://weareili.org/timeline/the-chicano-moratorium/ 
https://jsri.msu.edu/upload/occasional-papers/oc17.pdf 
https://www.latimes.com/projects/chicano-moratorium/chicano-moratorium-participants-discuss-movement/ 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Zeta_Acosta  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalio_Mu%C3%B1oz  https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/09/23/el-movimiento-the-chicano-movement-and-hispanic-identity-in-the-united-states/ 
https://www.altaonline.com/california-book-club/a40530722/awakening-at-the-chicano-moratorium-1970/

Support and Information on Palestine:

What to Boycott: https://bdsmovement.net/get-involved/what-to-boycott

Palestinian Children's Relief Fund: https://www.pcrf.net/
Middle East Children's Alliance: https://www.mecaforpeace.org/

Podcasts

Public Health and Palestine
The Asymptomatic Two State Solution Debunking the Most Common Anti-Palestinian Talking Points

Reading List
https://tadweenpublishing.com/blogs/news/essential-readings-palestinians-in-latin-america https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/g36449834/books-israel-palestine-conflict/ 

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The origins of colonialism in Palestine can be traced back to 1799, during the French invasion of the middle east, when Napoleon issued a proclamation offering Palestine as a homeland to Jewish people, under France’s protection, as a way of establishing a French presence in the region. This planted the seed for a vision of a Jewish state in the Middle East which did not materialize at the time, but was revived by the British in the 19th century. Zionists believe Judaism is a nationality as well as a religion, and that Jewish people deserve their own state in their ancestral homeland, Israel. The Balfour Declaration stated that the British would use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this project. So with the support of the British, an influx of Zionists began to move into the area, displacing thousands of Palestinians.

In today's episode, Carmen shares a brief history of the even Palestinians refer to as the Nakba, while Cristina discusses Israeli involvement aiding massacres in Latin America, the history of Club Palestino in Chile and they express solidarity with Palestine.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free email [email protected]

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Sources
https://remix.aljazeera.com/aje/PalestineRemix/al-nakba.html#/17  https://www.un.org/unispal/history/ 
https://www.un.org/unispal/history2/origins-and-evolution-of-the-palestine-problem/part-i-1917-1947/ 
https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080010/zionism-israel-palestine https://palestinohistorico.cl/en/summary-of-professional-history/ https://tadweenpublishing.com/blogs/news/essential-readings-palestinians-in-latin-america
Cuatro Colores Documentary: https://vimeo.com/418311180 

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Click to Donate: https://arab.org/click-to-help/palestine/thank-you/
Palestinian Children's Relief Fund: https://www.pcrf.net/
Middle East Children's Alliance: https://www.mecaforpeace.org/

More Information On Palestine

Podcasts

Public Health and Palestine

The Asymptomatic Two State Solution Debunking the Most Common Anti-Palestinian Talking Points

Reading List
https://tadweenpublishing.com/blogs/news/essential-readings-palestinians-in-latin-america https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/g36449834/books-israel-palestine-conflict/ 

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