History Lab

Hear author and historian Katherine Biber tell the story of Jimmy and Joe Governor, Wiradjuri and Wonnarua brothers, who in 1900 went on a murder spree that killed nine people and terrified countless others.

The men were pursued for three months across 3000 kilometres, taunting their hunters with clues, letters and tricks. The last men in the state to be proclaimed outlaws, their pursuit and capture fascinated and terrified a nation on the eve of its Federation.

Back in 2021, History Lab published its award-winning Last Outlaws episodes (you can find them in eps 15-17) - a collaboration with Biber and the Governor family. Now, Biber has told the story in a book.

In this episode, she speaks with historian Alecia Simmonds about the connection between the fate of the Governor brothers and the birth of modern Australia.

The Last Outlaws: The crimes of Jimmy & Joe Governor and the birth of Modern Australia is published by Simon & Schuster. It is the product of decades of archival research, field work and interviews, and of a long collaboration with Jimmy Governor’s descendants.

This episode is brought to you in partnership with our friends at Gleebooks. Head to the Gleebooks events page to discover more great literary events featuring some of Australia’s best and best known authors.

Katherine Biber is a writer, legal scholar, criminologist, historian and Professor of Law at UTS. Katherine undertook the research for The Last Outlaws in cooperation with descendants of Jimmy Governor. Her History Lab podcast trilogy, made as part of this collaboration, won multiple awards, including the NSW Premier’s History Award, the Australian Podcast Award (2022 podcast of the year) and the Australian Legal Research Award.

Katherine teaches and researches Evidence. Her scholarly interests lie in photographic evidence, documentary evidence, criminal evidence and histories of evidence.

Alecia Simmonds is a multi-award winning scholar and writer who works at the interface of law and history. Her most recent book Courting: An Intimate History of Love and the Law won the NSW Premier's Prize for best book in Australian history, the Australian Law Research Awards for best book, the biennial Hancock Prize for best book and the Australian and New Zealand Legal History award for best book 2023. It was also shortlisted for the Prime Minister's Award and the Ernest Scott Award.

Fully Lit is made by Impact Studios, a media production house based on Gadigal land at UTS, Sydney.

This episode was recorded at Sydney's Gleebooks, also on Gadigal land.

What connects a VFL “Champion of the Colony” to a woman born enslaved in Jamaica?

In 1919, Richmond footballer Vic Thorp won the league’s highest honour for the second time — the equivalent of today’s Brownlow Medal. But just a century earlier, his great-grandmother Susannah Andrews was enslaved in Jamaica, before gaining her freedom.

This episode uncovers Susannah’s remarkable journey: from enslavement, to freedom, to becoming matriarch of an Australian family that would include football legends and mining startups.

We hear from her descendant Garry Chapman, who discovered Susannah’s story while sifting through his father’s papers.

Jamaican historian Suzanne Francis-Brown — a regular on the BBC’s Who Do You Think You Are? — helps us reconstruct Susannah’s life as an enslaved, then free, woman living with a Jewish merchant in Kingston.

So how does one woman’s survival ripple through generations?

And why does remembering Susannah’s life matter for how we tell Australian history today?

Garry Chapman taught in both primary and secondary sectors and worked in both government and independent schools over a career of 42 years. He is the author of over 50 published books, written for children and teachers. Garry developed an interest in his own family’s history when he found a folder full of notes in his late father’s belongings. It contained a photo of his great great grandfather, George Brydon Brandon with ‘Jamaica?’ written on the back. This planted a seed, and Garry has spent the ensuing years trying to fill in the missing pieces of his ancestors’ stories, uncovering the fascinating tale of Susannah Andrews in the process.

Historian Dr Suzanne Francis-Brown has worked as a journalist, lecturer in media and communications and museum curator. Her research interests include heritage interpretation, enslaved families, and enslaved runaways in Jamaica, and she has published Mona, Past and Present: The History and Heritage of the Mona Campus, University of the West Indies (2004) and the co-authored The Old Iron Bridge, Spanish Town, Jamaica, (2005), as well as several works of youth fiction. She was curator at the University of the West Indies Museum from its founding in 2012 to 2019. Dr Francis-Brown has featured many times on the BBC’s Who Do You Think You Are?

This series was produced on the lands of the Gadigal people of the Eeora Nation and Burramatagal people of the Dharug nation.

Narrator, writer, and producer: Sienna Brown

Sound recordist, writer, and producer: Ben Etherington

Supervising producer: Jane Curtis, UTS Impact Studios

Executive producer: Sarah Gilbert, UTS Impact Studios

Sound designer and engineer: John Jacobs

The research for this series was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Creole Voices in the Caribbean and Australia: Poetics and Decolonisation (DP220101256).

We are also grateful to the Writing and Society Research Centre and School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University for their generous support in the production of this series.

When citing this episode, please use this reference:

Brown, S., Etherington, B., & Curtis, J. (2025, September 26). Caribbean Echoes. In History Lab. UTS Impact Studios. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218321

Who was the Caribbean-Australian cabaret star who could bring down the house — and come back at racism with a joke?

"Come sit by me, we don’t eat people anymore."

Nellie Small was born in Sydney in 1900, just before the White Australia policy was introduced.

She became one of the country’s most beloved performers, famous for wearing men’s suits on stage and off, and for her sharp comebacks.

In show business circles around Sydney in the 1940 and 50s, the phrase was: “When a show’s not strong enough — send for Nellie!”

"I’m proud of my Australian birth. But I’d be much happier if more of my fellow countrymen would forget my skin colour is different from them."

Negotiating Australia’s vexed racial politics, Nellie carved out a public space for Black music and queer performance in 1950s Australia. We explore her career and uncover the previously unknown stories of her Caribbean forebears.

Nellie Small is played by Jamaican-Australian actor Zahra Newman.

Alana Valentine is a librettist, playwright, and director who is an expert at working with real life subjects and stories, dramatizing them with respect. She has three plays on the NSW HSC Syllabus: Parramatta Girls, Shafana and Aunt Sarrinah, and Cyberbile. Her play, Letters to Lindy, has seen hundreds of amateur and school productions. Valentine is particularly distinguished in her skills as a co-collaborator, notably with Barbara and the Camp Dogs, which won the 2019 Helpmann Award for Best Musical and Best Original Score. She has chronicled her practice in Bowerbird and published the memoir Wed By The Wayside.

Professor Cassandra Pybus FAHA specializes historical narratives about people who have been marginalized, forgotten or written out of history. An award-winning author she has published 13 books including Black Founders: The Unknown Story of Australia's First Black Settlers and the bestselling biography, Truganini. She has held research professorships at the University of Sydney, Georgetown University in Washington DC, the University of Texas and King's College London. She is descended from a colonist who received the largest free land grant on Truganini's traditional country of Bruny Island.

Vanessa Cassin is Education Manager at Society of Australian Genealogists with extensive experience in providing training and assessment in the trustee industry, both as an in-house trainer for the NSW Trustee & Guardian and as an assessor for Western Sydney University the College’s Registered Training Organisation. Vanessa holds a Diploma in Family Historical Studies from the Society of Australian Genealogists and has been researching her own family history for over 20 years.

Zahra Newman was born in Port Antonio, Jamaica, and moved to Australia at age 14. A graduate of the Victorian College of the Arts, Newman has an extensive list of credits in theatre, television, and film. Her notable works include her performance as Nabalungi in the original Australian cast of The Book of Mormon, and her lead role in the play The Hate Race and in the film Long Story Short. She has received a Green Room Award, a Sydney Theatre Award, and multiple Helpmann Award nominations. Newman played all 23 characters in the Sydney Theatre Company’s recent one-person production of Dracula.

Graeme Rhodes’ acting career spans over 30 years and includes numerous theatre, film, television and radio credits. Most recently he has been working as a writer and director for Forum theatre based Industrial safety programs. When he’s not acting he sings with a jazz trio and builds electronic noise making machines.

This series was produced on the lands of the Gadigal people of the Eeora Nation and Burramatagal people of the Dharug nation.

Narrator, writer, and producer: Sienna Brown

Sound recordist, writer, and producer: Ben Etherington

Supervising producer: Jane Curtis, UTS Impact Studios

Executive producer: Sarah Gilbert, UTS Impact Studios

Sound designer and engineer: John Jacobs

The research for this series was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Creole Voices in the Caribbean and Australia: Poetics and Decolonisation (DP220101256).

We are also grateful to the Writing and Society Research Centre and School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University for their generous support in the production of this series.

• Nellie Small on Wikipedia
• Nellie Small: the trailblazing, cross-dressing cabaret star who Australia forgot The Guardian Australia
• From the Archives: The great live music war of 1954 Sydney Morning Herald
• Zoe Coombs Marr on Queerstralia Sydney Morning Herald
• A letter to the editor about soup Sydney Morning Herald
• Send for Nellie in the 2024 Sydney Festival and article by Alana Valentine on the State Library of NSW website

When citing this episode, please use this reference:

Brown, S., Etherington, B., & Curtis, J. (2025, September 26). Caribbean Echoes. In History Lab. UTS Impact Studios. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218321

What does boxing have to do with anticolonial politics?

How did the sport become a space where Black and Indigenous fighters in Australia pushed back against racism and empire?

From Peter Jackson to Jack Johnson, Marcus Garvey to Les “Ranji” Moody, this episode explores how Black and Indigenous fighters turned the ring into a stage for resistance and anticolonialism.

Worimi historian Professor John Maynard talks about the links between Jackson and the first official Black heavyweight world champion Jack Johnson, whose world-title fight took place in Sydney in 1908.

Maynard’s grandfather spent time with Johnson, and he talks about how Johnson’s time here links to the later emergence of anticolonial politics among Indigenous people inspired by the Jamaican Marcus Garvey.

We then talk to Aboriginal author Tony Birch about his Barbadian ancestor Prince Moody, who was transported to Australia as a convict for ‘disobedience’, and his great uncle Les ‘Ranji’ Moody, who Birch knew growing up in Fitzroy.

Les was a pathbreaking boxer and journalist who was the Australian bantamweight champion during the First World War. Birch discusses how oral history and creative engagements with the colonial archive can recover marginalized stories.

Professor John Maynard is recognized as one of Australia's foremost Indigenous historians, whose work reveals previously missing chapters in Aboriginal history. His groundbreaking research on Aboriginal political activism in the 1920s uncovered the influence of Caribbean and African American figures, particularly Marcus Garvey. Maynard has written acclaimed books, including Fight for Liberty and Freedom and The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe, a Walkley Award finalist. He has held prominent positions, such as Director of the Wollotuka Institute and Deputy Chairperson of AIATSIS, and is a recipient of numerous fellowships and awards.

Professor Tony Birch is a writer, activist, historian and essayist, and is currently the Boisbouvier Chair in Australian Literature at the University of Melbourne. He has published four novels, most recently Women & Children, which won the 2024 The Age Fiction Book of the Year. Each of his novels has won major prizes and he’s twice been shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Literary award. He has also published two poetry books and four short story collections, the most recent of which, Dark as Last Night, won both the 2022 NSW Premier’s Literary Award and the Queensland Literary Award for Fiction.

This series was produced on the lands of the Gadigal people of the Eeora Nation and Burramatagal people of the Dharug nation.

Narrator, writer, and producer: Sienna Brown

Sound recordist, writer, and producer: Ben Etherington

Supervising producer: Jane Curtis, UTS Impact Studios

Executive producer: Sarah Gilbert, UTS Impact Studios

Sound designer and engineer: John Jacobs/jollyvolume

The research for this series was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Creole Voices in the Caribbean and Australia: Poetics and Decolonisation (DP220101256).

We are also grateful to the Writing and Society Research Centre and School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University for their generous support in the production of this series.

When citing this episode, please use this reference:

Brown, S., Etherington, B., & Curtis, J. (2025, September 26). Caribbean Echoes. In History Lab. UTS Impact Studios. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218321

Did you know that the most famous Australian in the world in 1890 was from the Caribbean?

Peter Jackson was born in St Croix in the Caribbean in the years after slavery was abolished. He arrived in Sydney as a teenager and got noticed when he single-handedly fought off seven in a brawl at Wynyard Square.

He soon stepped into Sydney’s boxing rings and, by 1890, he was Australia’s heavyweight champion and chasing the world title in the United States.

But he was no ordinary boxer.

He moonlit as an actor, quoted Shakespeare, and was a media pioneer, carefully shaping his own public image long before Instagram.

In this episode, award-winning sports journalist Grantlee Kieza charts Jackson’s rise through the boxing world, while cultural historian Professor Jordana Moore Saggese explains how he mastered self-presentation through photography and mass media. Historian Myron Jackson brings us back to St Croix, where Peter’s colonial schooling met the lessons of the street.

Peter Jackson’s story is about much more than boxing — it’s about race, representation, and the adaptability and durability of Caribbean culture.

Peter Jackson is played by British-Sierra Leonean actor Alpha Kargbo.

Grantlee Kieza OAM is an award-winning journalist who specialises in historical Australian stories. He has published more than twenty biographies, many of them bestsellers, and held senior editorial positions at The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph and The Courier-Mail. He is a Walkley Award finalist, a 2025 ABIA shortlisted author for Biography of the Year, a 2025 Indie Award shortlisted author for Non-fiction, the No. 1 history author in Australia in 2024.

Jordana Moore Saggese is Professor of Modern and Contemporary American Art at the University of Maryland, College Park whose research focuses on modern and contemporary American art and photography, with an emphasis on expressions of Blackness. She is the author of The Jean-Michel Basquiat Reader: Writings, Interviews, and Critical Responses, and her most recent book Heavyweight: Black Boxers and the Fight for Representation (Duke University Press, 2024) engages extensively with Peter Jackson.

Myron Jackson is a historian and retired Senator who has dedicated his life to Virgin Islands history and culture, guided by the African proverb, “Go Back And Fetch It”. A graduate of Parsons School of Design, he held significant positions including Director of the Virgin Islands State Historic Preservation Office and executive director of the Virgin Islands Cultural Heritage Institute. As a Senator, Jackson served as the Chair of the Committee on Culture, Historic Preservation, Youth and Recreation. He has researched and published widely in preservation.

Alpha Kargbo is a British-Sierra Leonean actor trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama. His theatre work spans the UK, Europe, and Australia, including The Da Vinci Code (UK Tour), Malthouse Theatre, and Melbourne Theatre Company. On screen he has appeared in Bloods (Sky UK) and The Undeclared War (Channel 4), directed by Peter Kosminsky.

Graeme Rhodes’ acting career spans over 30 years and includes numerous theatre, film, television and radio credits. Most recently he has been working as a writer and director for Forum theatre based Industrial safety programs. When he’s not acting he sings with a jazz trio and builds electronic noise making machines.

This series was produced on the lands of the Gadigal people of the Eeora Nation and Burramatagal people of the Dharug nation.

Narrator, writer, and producer: Sienna Brown

Sound recordist, writer, and producer: Ben Etherington

Supervising producer: Jane Curtis, UTS Impact Studios

Executive producer: Sarah Gilbert, UTS Impact Studios

Sound designer and engineer: John Jacobs

The research for this series was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Creole Voices in the Caribbean and Australia: Poetics and Decolonisation (DP220101256).

We are also grateful to the Writing and Society Research Centre and School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University for their generous support in the production of this series.

When citing this episode, please use this reference:

Brown, S., Etherington, B., & Curtis, J. (2025, September 26). Caribbean Echoes. In History Lab. UTS Impact Studios. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218321

History Lab is back—refreshed and reimagined.

From now on, you’ll hear us in regular seasonal runs, dropping new episodes once or twice a fortnight over six to eight weeks.

Each run will showcase a mix of formats:

• History Lab Originals – our signature investigative storytelling that digs into the gaps between us and the past.
• History Lab Studio – interviews and discussions with historians.
• History Lab Live – recordings of public history talks from libraries, bookshops, and university halls, where history meets its audiences.

This new approach means more variety, more regularity, and more ways to connect with the history that shapes our world.

• ORIGINALS Caribbean Echoes: A powerful four-part History Lab Original by Sienna Brown and Ben Etherington that uncovers the lives and legacies of Caribbean people in Australia, including boxer Peter Jackson and cabaret star Nellie Small.
• LIVE David Scott Mitchell Oration: ABC Chair Kim Williams reflects on the role of libraries and archives in preserving truth and democracy.
• LIVE The Last Outlaws: Professor Katherine Biber discusses her gripping new book on crime, justice, and truth telling.

Since 2018, History Lab has produced 29 episodes across six seasons, exploring not only what happened in the past, but how we can know about it.

Now, in a crowded world of podcasts, we’re focusing on what makes us different: investigative history, bold conversations, and live public storytelling.

By listening and sharing, you’re helping build a platform for public history in Australia, something we need now more than ever. Thank you.

Host: Tamson Pietsch, Director of the Australian Centre for Public History

Executive Producer: Sarah Gilbert

Produced on Gadigal land at UTS, Sydney by Impact Studios.

What is the work of truth-telling? How is evidence collected? What happens next?

What role should schools play in teaching Australia’s full history?

Australia has completed its first, formal truth-telling process — the Yoorrook Justice Commission of Victoria.

We joined Commissioner Travis Lovett on his 500-kilometre Walk for Truth from Portland on Gunditjmara Country, to Parliament House on Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung Country in Melbourne, to hear firsthand of the Commission's work.

Along the way, you'll hear testimonies from Elders and Victorian Premier Jacinta Allan, reflections from researcher Dr Matthew Keynes, and insights into how truth-telling can transform education, policy, and our shared future.

Travis Lovett is a proud Kerrupmara/Gunditjmara man and Traditional Owner and the Deputy Chair and Commissioner of the Yoorrook Justice Commission.

Dr Matthew Keynes is a non-Indigenous scholar working on unceded and sovereign Wurundjeri land. His research investigates the ways that education contributes to justice, peace, and social transformation by repairing historical injustices and legacies of violence.

Links

• Yoorrook Justice Commission Truth Archive
• Yoorrook Justice Commission Reports and Recommendations
• We have always been here by Dr Matthew Keynes
• National Indigenous Youth Education Coalition
• Truth-telling in early education by Gowrie Victoria
• Day Break by Amy McQuire
• How do you prepare your child for truth-telling? by Shelly Ware
• Teaching truth-telling: Children's Ground panel on YouTube

• Produced on Gadigal and Gunditjmara Country by Jane Curtis.
• Sound engineering by Jollyvolume.
• Production assistance from Alexandra Morris.
• Hosted by Tamson Pietsch.
• History Lab is produced by the Australian Centre for Public History at UTS and UTS Impact Studios.
• Impact Studios' executive producer is Sarah Gilbert.

This episode was made possible by Dusseldorp Forum, a family foundation committed to a just and equitable Australia, one that is caring, ethical and honours our First Peoples.

Special thanks to Rachel Fyfe and the Yoorrook team.

This special episode from our archives speaks to this year’s NAIDOC Week themes of strength, vision and legacy.

Fishing for Answers explores the sophistication of the fishing practices of Eora women in Sydney Harbour, and asks, How can we hear from the women themselves and find out what their world sounded like?

Content warning: If you are an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person this episode may contain the names of people who have died.

• Producers: Tom Allinson and Ninah Kopel
• Collaborators: Anna Clark, Nathan Sentance, Tim Ella and Maddison Lyn Collier
• Executive Producer: Emma Lancaster
• Associate Producer: Anna Clark
• Sound Design: Joe Koning
• Host: Tamson Pietsch
• Voice Actor: Steve Ahern
• Additional production assistance: Ellen Leabeater and Miles Herbert
• Marketing and communications: Andy Huang

Thanks to Les Bursill OAM for his advice on the Darug language, and Grace Karskens and Renee Cawthorne.

This episode was made on Gadigal Country.

Colonial portraits have long dictated how Indigenous people were seen. But Indigenous artists continue to challenge that power. Through satire, reinterpretation, and resistance, they’re using art to question history—and reshape the future.

In this episode, historians Kate Fullagar and Mike McDonnell speak with contemporary Indigenous artists who are confronting the legacy of empire. Michel Tuffery, a New Zealand-based artist of Samoan, Tahitian, and Cook Islander heritage, reimagines Captain Cook through the eyes of those he encountered. Daniel Boyd, one of Australia’s most celebrated contemporary artists, subverts colonial iconography, turning figures like Cook into symbols of piracy and exploitation. Daniel Browning, an Aboriginal journalist and art critic, reflects on the power—and the lies—embedded in colonial paintings.

Can art break the cycle of representation, or does it always carry the weight of its past? Join us on this final episode of Unsettling Portraits to find out.

Episode images

Cookie in the Islands

This representation of Captain James Cook belongs to a narrative series titled ‘First Contact’. The series retells the story of James Cook’s Pacific voyages from a Polynesian perspective, focusing on the profound way in which Cook himself was altered through his experiences in the Pacific. His identity is altered, as marked by hibiscus flowers, hei-tiki around his neck and his Polynesian features. The name Cookie is not only a more familiar name for Captain Cook but it is also a nickname for a Cook Islander. (Curator's comments)

By Michel Tuffery. 2009. British Museum.

Portrait of Captain James Cook RN

By John Webber, 1782. National Portrait Gallery Australia

Captain No Beard

By Daniel Boyd, Kudjla/Gangalu/Kuku Yalanji/Jagara/Wangerriburra/Bandjalung peoples, 2005. National Gallery of Australia.

Nannultera, a young Poonindie cricketer

By J.M. Crossland, 1854. National Gallery of Australia.

Portrait - Eva Johnson, writer

By Destiny Deacon, 1994. Queensland Art Gallery.

Michel Tuffery, a New Zealand-based artist of Samoan, Rarotongan, and Ma’ohi Tahitian heritage, creates work that bridges environmental, cultural, and historical divides. Known for his role as a connector between people and places, he engages communities through exhibitions, research, and residencies across the Pacific and beyond. A passionate educator, he shares his kaupapa and knowledge with young people through workshops in New Zealand and abroad. Appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2008 for his contributions to art, he continues to enrich communities through his creative practice.

Daniel Boyd, one of Australia’s leading artists, is a Kudjala, Ghungalu, Wangerriburra, Wakka Wakka, Gubbi Gubbi, Kuku Yalanji, Bundjalung, and Yuggera man with ni-Vanuatu heritage. Based on Gadigal/Wangal Country, his work reinterprets Eurocentric histories through historic photographs, art references, and personal narratives. He first gained recognition in 2005 with his No Beard series, challenging colonial iconography, and later developed his signature ‘lens’ technique—clear dots that fragment the image plane, exploring perception and hidden histories. In 2014, he became the first Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artist to win the Bulgari Art Prize, further cementing his impact on contemporary art.

Daniel Browning is an award-winning Bundjalung and Kullilli writer, journalist, and radio broadcaster. Currently serving as the ABC's Editor of Indigenous Radio, he presents The Art Show and Arts in 30 podcasts. His debut book, Close to the Subject: Selected Works, was hailed as "an outstanding contribution to arts journalism," winning the 2024 Prime Minister's Literary Award for Non-Fiction and the Indigenous Writing Prize at the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards and was also shortlisted for the NSW Premier's Literary Awards. Beyond his literary achievements, Browning is a sound artist and documentary maker, known for curating Blak Box, an award-winning sound pavilion amplifying First Nations voices. He is also a widely published freelance writer on arts and culture, with a particular focus on Australian Indigenous art.

Credits

Producers: Catherine Freyne and Helene Thomas.

Story Editor: Siobhan McHugh

Sound Engineer: Martin Peralta

Additional production and editorial support: Jane Curtis, Britta Jorgensen and Celine Teo-Blockey

Additional Tile Design and Podcast Artwork: Alexandra Morris

Executive Producer: Sarah Gilbert

To cite this episode

Fullagar, K (researcher and host), Freyne, C (producer), McDonnell, M (researcher and host), Thomas, H (producer) (2025), 'Unsettling Portraits' Episode 3. In History Lab by Impact Studios, https://impactstudios.edu.au/podcasts/history-lab/s6/ and 10.5281/zenodo.15086322

In this episode, historians Kate Fullagar and Mike McDonnell revisit Bennelong’s portraits to examine how colonial art encountered Indigenous identity. Indigenous scholar Jo Rey, a Dharug woman, challenges these depictions, questioning their accuracy and impact.

The conversation then expands to the Pacific, where Māori scholar Alice Te Punga Somerville discusses the story of Tupaia, a Polynesian navigator and artist who traveled with Captain Cook. His illustrations of first contact tell a different story—one of Indigenous agency, not just European discovery.

What do we see when we look at these portraits today? And more importantly, what do they obscure? Join us on Unsettling Portraits to find out.

Episode images

Ben-nel-long

By the Port Jackson Painter, c. 1790. Watling, Thomas. Courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London.

Ben-nil-long

By James Neagle, 1798. Courtesy National Library of Australia.

Australian Aborigines paddling bark canoes and spear fishing

DRAWINGS, in Indian ink, illustrative of Capt. Cook's first voyage, 1768 -1770.

This may record the fishing party observed by Joseph Banks at Botany Bay on 26 April 1770.

By A. Buchan, John F. Miller, and others. Courtesy British Library.

A Maori bartering a crayfish with an English naval officer

DRAWINGS, in Indian ink, illustrative of Capt. Cook's first voyage, 1768 -1770, chiefly relating to Otaheite and New Zealand.

By A. Buchan, John F. Miller, and others. Courtesy British Library.

Guests

Jo Rey is a Dharug scholar and Macquarie University Fellow for Indigenous Researchers in the Department of Indigenous Studies. Her research focuses on Dharug Ngurra/Country, which spans much of the Sydney metropolitan area, examining key cultural sites, including Shaw’s Creek Aboriginal Place and the Blacktown Native Institution. Building on her doctoral research on Dharug cultural continuity, her post-doctoral work explores Indigenous cultural agency through the concept of ‘Living Law’—a framework of sustainable relationality based on Recognition, Respect, Rights, Responsibility, and Reciprocity.

Alice Te Punga Somerville (Māori – Te Āti Awa, Taranaki) , professor of English Language and Literatures at the University of British Columbia, is a poet, scholar, and irredentist whose work explores Indigenous connections, colonial histories, and the power of language. She is the author of Once Were Pacific: Māori Connections to Oceania, 250 Ways to Write an Essay about Captain Cook, and the poetry collection Always Italicise: How to Write While Colonised, each challenging dominant narratives and centering Indigenous perspectives.

Credits

Producers: Catherine Freyne and Helene Thomas.

Story Editor: Siobhan McHugh

Sound Engineer: Martin Peralta

Additional production and editorial support: Jane Curtis, Britta Jorgensen and Celine Teo-Blockey

Additional tile design and podcast artwork: Alexandra Morris

Executive Producer: Sarah Gilbert

To cite this episode

Fullagar, K (researcher and host), Freyne, C (producer), McDonnell, M (researcher and host), Thomas, H (producer) (2025), 'Unsettling Portraits' Episode 2. In History Lab by Impact Studios, https://impactstudios.edu.au/podcasts/history-lab/s6/ and 10.5281/zenodo.15086322