When should a genetic test be ordered—and who decides? It’s a question we are constantly asking on the program.

Dr. David Braxton, Chief of Molecular Pathology at Hoag Memorial Hospital in Southern California, has built a system where the answer is simple: the pathologist decides. At Hoag, reflex testing protocols automatically trigger genomic tests when certain cancers appear under the microscope—embedding precision medicine directly into the biopsy workflow.

* 0:00 How did you become an advocate for precision medicine?

* 5:50 What triggers the ordering of a genetic test?

* 12:00 Using national lab vs in-house

* 19:03 Which areas show most progress?

* 24:32 A fan of early cancer testing?

* 29:42 How digitized is your lab?

* 42:45 Moonshot? Treat CHIP

“We developed standardized operating procedures where if a pathologist sees certain types of cancers in certain states, they automatically order the genomic testing,” Braxton explains. “It’s all very formalized. We call it pathologist-initiated reflex testing—and it gets results into the medical record before the oncologist even sees the patient.”

Braxton talks about making genomic profiling routine in a community setting, the barriers that still slow precision medicine—education, reimbursement, regulation—and how digital pathology and AI are reshaping what pathologists can see and do. “The real value of digital pathology and AI,” he says, “isn’t necessarily helping pathologists do their jobs quicker or better—it’s going beyond what the human eye can see.”

Braxton offers a pragmatic, hopeful look at how community hospitals can lead the next phase of precision oncology. We discuss the increasingly used MRD testing and get Braxton’s thought’s on early cancer detection tests. In the end, he shares his “moonshot:” using molecular diagnostics to detect clonal hematopoiesis, a precursor state that silently increases risk for leukemia, heart disease, and other inflammatory conditions. “If you want to talk about the role of diagnostics in decreasing chronic conditions like heart attacks and cancer,” he says, “this is the moonshot—catching that silent killer early with molecular techniques.”

This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.mendelspod.com/subscribe