Nvidia’s Blackwell Ultra has 208 billion transistors across 2 dies. Those dies are made in a titanic fab. Using an intricate process with hundreds of steps, dealing in the dozens of nanometers. So dumb question: How do we know it all worked? How can we be sure that the thing being made actually does its job and not be “the other guy”? This is why the multi-billion dollar Automated Test Equipment or ATE industry exists. In today’s video, an underrated part of the semiconductor ecosystem.