IEA Podcast

Welcome to Economics 101, a new series designed to distil the fundamental principles of economics into clear, easy-to-understand explanations. Join Dr Stephen Davies as he breaks down complex economic concepts using simple analogies and real-world examples, making economics accessible to everyone regardless of their background. Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply curious about how the economy works, this series will equip you with the essential knowledge to understand the economic forces that shape our daily lives.

In this episode, Dr Davies tackles the widely taught concept of market failure, which dominates contemporary economics teaching and public policy discussions. He explains how neoclassical economics defines market failure as any deviation from perfect market conditions, including externalities, public goods, information asymmetry, monopolies and sticky prices. However, Dr Davies challenges this entire framework, arguing that comparing real-world markets to an impossible ideal of perfect competition is like calling normal travel a ‘failure’ because we cannot move at the speed of light. He demonstrates how the phenomena labelled as market failures are simply features of the real world that markets must navigate, and argues that voluntary exchange and private solutions have historically proven more effective than government intervention at overcoming these challenges.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

Join Daniel Freeman in conversation with Andrew Henderson, founder of Nomad Capitalist and one of the world’s leading advisers on international tax planning and strategic relocation for high net worth individuals. Henderson explains the philosophy behind his mantra ‘go where you’re treated best’ and why successful entrepreneurs and investors are increasingly voting with their feet, leaving high-tax Western countries for more competitive jurisdictions. From giving up his US citizenship eight years ago to building a global advisory business helping clients navigate second citizenship and residence options, Henderson offers a provocative perspective on tax competition and personal freedom.

The discussion reveals the stark reality facing the UK economy: the country now has the highest millionaire outward migration per capita in the world after China, with wealthy individuals fleeing to countries across Europe, the Middle East and beyond. Henderson explains why the cancellation of investor visas and the non-dom programme has made the UK virtually inaccessible for foreign investors and entrepreneurs whilst simultaneously driving British citizens abroad. He argues that Western countries, particularly the UK, have turned culturally against wealth creation whilst governments pursue ever-higher taxation, creating a perfect storm that pushes productive citizens towards more welcoming jurisdictions.

Looking globally, Henderson identifies where opportunity and quality of life are genuinely improving. Eastern European countries like Georgia and Serbia, alongside Southeast Asian nations like Malaysia, are offering not just competitive tax rates but improving infrastructure, rising incomes and better passport quality. He argues that whilst Western economies stagnate with anemic growth, the Global South is experiencing genuine prosperity gains, falling poverty rates and increasingly attractive lifestyles. For those willing to look beyond traditional Western destinations, Henderson suggests the future belongs to countries that actually want successful people rather than demonising them.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

Join Andy Mayer, IEA Chief Operating Officer, with David Turver, independent energy analyst and author of the Eigenvalues Substack, for an unflinching examination of Britain’s net zero policy. This episode of Free the Power explores Turver’s forensic analysis of the true costs of decarbonisation, revealing how official estimates from bodies like the Climate Change Committee and National Energy System Operator dramatically understate the financial burden on British households and businesses.

Turver traces the origins of net zero from the 2008 Climate Change Act through Theresa May’s 2019 commitment, explaining how an 80% emissions reduction target became a 100% target with minimal parliamentary scrutiny or proper costing. The discussion unpacks the accounting tricks, flawed assumptions about renewable energy costs, and the staggering scale of investment required, with estimates ranging from £7.6 trillion to over £9 trillion when carbon costs are included, all to reduce emissions that represent just 0.8% of the global total.

The conversation examines growing political cracks in the net zero consensus, from Kemi Badenoch’s Conservative opposition to Reform’s pledge to annul renewable contracts. Turver argues that whilst nuclear energy offers potential, Britain’s overregulation makes it prohibitively expensive compared to countries like South Korea. With energy bills hitting households hard and industrial jobs at risk, the episode makes a compelling case that Britain’s net zero ambitions are economically ruinous and climatically irrelevant, risking irretrievable damage to the economy in pursuit of an unachievable goal.

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, IEA’s Callum Price and Editorial Director Kristian Niemietz are joined by Lord Frost, who discusses why Britain is losing the argument for classical liberalism and free markets. Lord Frost identifies three distinct groups opposing free market economics: fantasy leftists promoting modern monetary theory, blue labour protectionists advocating industrial policy, and establishment economists favouring high public investment and state intervention. The conversation examines which of these groups classical liberals could potentially form coalitions with and why anti-capitalist sentiment prevents meaningful overlap with the progressive left.

The discussion turns to Brexit and regulatory alignment, with Lord Frost criticising the government’s failure to capitalise on post-Brexit regulatory freedoms. He argues that Britain’s continued adherence to EU regulations, despite having the legal ability to diverge, creates unnecessary trade barriers whilst delivering none of the benefits of genuine regulatory independence. Niemietz highlights the paradox of maintaining identical legal frameworks to the EU whilst being treated as a third country, comparing it to requiring professional translation between British and American English.

The podcast concludes with predictions for 2025, including Lord Frost’s forecast that UK economic growth will fall below 1% as the consequences of recent policy decisions materialise. The panel discusses the likelihood of further tax rises in the next budget, potentially driven by continued NHS underperformance and waiting list pressures. Niemietz predicts that at current rates, waiting lists would not return to pre-pandemic levels until 2037, likely triggering emergency spending injections and accompanying tax increases to fund the health service.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

In this Institute of Economic Affairs briefing, Callum Price, Head of Communications, interviews Dr Stephen Davies, IEA Senior Education Fellow, about the recent US military intervention in Venezuela and what it means for the international rules based order. The discussion covers the Trump administration’s seizure of President Nicolas Maduro following air strikes and naval blockades, examining whether the post 1945 international legal framework has effectively collapsed. They analyse how US foreign policy reflects a hardheaded reassessment of America’s relative global position and its shift towards regional dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

Dr Davies argues that whilst the rules based order was always partial and frequently violated, the mask has now been completely ripped off, returning international relations to a world where might makes right. He discusses whether classical liberals should accept this new reality of great power competition or whether there are alternative visions worth pursuing. The conversation explores the tension between pragmatic acceptance of regional hegemonies operating like a 19th century concert of powers versus maintaining hope for more radical alternatives.

The briefing concludes by examining the classical liberal response to regime change operations, even when targeting authoritarian governments like Maduro’s Venezuela. Dr Davies draws on 19th century anti imperialist thinkers like Richard Cobden and John Bright, arguing that classical liberals should rediscover their radical tradition of opposing great power politics rather than accepting it as grim inevitability. He emphasises the importance of maintaining utopian visions of a world based on free trade and self governing communities, even whilst acknowledging current geopolitical realities.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

Join Daniel Freeman in conversation with Professor Sergei Guriev, one of the world’s leading experts on the Russian economy and a man officially designated as a ‘terrorist’ by the Kremlin. From his early days as rector of Moscow’s New Economic School and informal adviser to Dmitri Medvedev, to his current position as a political exile and dean of London Business School, Guriev provides unparalleled insights into Putin’s Russia. This conversation traces his remarkable journey from respected Moscow economist to someone Putin’s regime considers a threat, revealing how Russia’s political transformation fundamentally reshaped economic policy and prosperity.

Guriev explains how the 1990s’ chaotic transition created conditions for Putin’s rise, and why the early Putin years delivered genuine economic growth through market reforms and integration with the West. However, he details how everything changed after Putin’s return to the presidency in 2012, when economic policy became subordinate to political control. The conversation explores how Putin deliberately chose stagnation over growth, preferring a 1970s Soviet-style economy with high oil prices and tight political control rather than the competitive markets that would generate prosperity but also political demands from business elites.

Looking ahead, Guriev outlines potential scenarios for Russia’s future, drawing parallels with the ‘Death of Stalin’ and post-Mao China. He argues that whilst Putin may cling to power until 2035, the regime’s inherent instability means Russia’s political and economic trajectory could shift dramatically once he’s gone. The conversation offers a masterclass in understanding how authoritarian economics works, why Putin fears competition more than stagnation, and what Russia’s future might hold.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

In this conversation, Reem Ibrahim sits down with Shanker Singham, one of the world’s leading international trade and competition lawyers, to discuss his newly published book “International Trade Regulation, the Global Economy, and the Impact of Anti-Competitive Market Distortions.” Shanker reveals groundbreaking research showing that a 15% improvement in domestic competition and regulation could increase GDP per capita by 8-11% - nearly double the impact of trade liberalisation alone. He challenges the prevailing narrative around tariffs and protectionism, demonstrating why fixing market distortions at home matters more than reciprocal trade barriers.

Shanker explains the concept of “anti-competitive market distortions”, a term he coined 25 years ago, covering everything from regulatory barriers and state subsidies to intellectual property violations. Drawing on econometric analysis of 120 countries over 13 years, he breaks down the three pillars that drive economic growth: trade policy, domestic competition, and property rights protection. Perhaps most provocatively, his research suggests domestic regulatory reform is twice as powerful as trade liberalisation for boosting prosperity. He also discusses his innovative work applying quantum mechanics principles to model the probability of voluntary exchange in markets.

From Brexit negotiations to Trump’s tariffs, China’s state capitalism to the UK’s growth stagnation, this conversation covers the most pressing issues in international trade and competition policy. Shanker serves as CEO of Competere and Chairman of the Growth Commission, and is a fellow at the IEA where he previously directed the International Trade and Competition Unit. Whether you’re interested in trade policy, economic modeling, or practical solutions to boost growth, this episode offers crucial insights for understanding how governments distort markets - and how to fix them.\

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

Professor Patrick Minford explains why Britain has barely grown richer since 2007, with average incomes only 4% higher in real terms over 18 years—an unprecedented period of stagnation. Drawing on decades of research, Minford traces the UK’s economic transformation from the “sick man of Europe” in the 1970s through the Thatcher-era liberalization that saw Britain overtake France and Germany in living standards, to today’s return to high regulation and taxation. He presents a causal model showing how entrepreneurial incentives, tax rates, and labor market regulation drive growth—and warns that current government policies are doing precisely the opposite of what the evidence suggests works.

In this wide-ranging conversation with Kristian Niemietz, Minford discusses his econometric analysis of UK growth from 1970-2010, explains why rich entrepreneurs are crucial for economic dynamism, and critiques the wealth tax proposals that he argues would harm rather than help growth. He also addresses Brexit’s economic impact, compares Britain’s regulatory environment to France’s, and offers a stark assessment of Labour’s current economic policies. With over 50 years of experience analyzing UK economic policy, including collaboration with the IEA since the 1970s, Minford provides a provocative challenge to conventional thinking about inequality and growth.

This is essential viewing for anyone interested in understanding Britain’s productivity puzzle and the policy choices that could reverse decades of stagnation, or make it worse.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

In this special Christmas edition Institute of Economic Affairs briefing, Head of Media Reem Ibrahim interviews Dr. Christopher Snowdon, Head of Lifestyle Economics. The conversation examines how government regulations and taxes affect traditional Christmas foods and drinks, from mince pies to mulled wine, exploring the expanding scope of nanny state restrictions.

Dr. Snowdon explains the impact of recent regulations including display bans in supermarkets, advertising restrictions before 9pm, and promotional deal prohibitions on foods deemed high in fat, sugar, and salt. They discuss the ultra-processed food debate, calorie labelling requirements, and how items like mince pies and chocolates face similar regulatory treatment to tobacco products. The briefing also covers alcohol duties, the upcoming disposable vape ban, and cigarette taxation where over 80% of the price is tax.

The discussion concludes by questioning whether these interventions actually improve public health outcomes, with Dr. Snowdon pointing to economic growth and prosperity as stronger determinants of health than regulatory restrictions. They examine the nanny state index findings showing no correlation between regulatory intensity and health outcomes, while highlighting the connection between GDP per capita and life expectancy. The message: stop taxing and regulating Christmas festivities and instead focus on policies that deliver economic growth.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, IEA Director of Communications Callum Price interviews Morgan Wild, Chief Policy Adviser at Labour Together. Morgan explains how Labour Together operates as a private company that exists purely to help the Labour Party govern and win elections, combining deep public opinion research with policy expertise to provide political solutions rather than purely technocratic answers. The conversation covers Labour’s pivot from post-financial crisis demand-side economics to a supply-side growth agenda focused on policy stability, land use regulation, and public investment.

Morgan discusses Britain’s fundamental problems - the lack of ability to build anything and weak growth in second cities - and assesses Labour’s performance on planning reform and infrastructure. He argues that markets generate enormous wealth and are the best mechanism for allocating scarce resources, a view he suggests most in the Labour Party share. The discussion covers the political calculations behind economic policy decisions, with Morgan explaining why some technically sound reforms like VAT base-broadening may not be worth the political pain despite their economic benefits.

The interview concludes with debates on wealth taxation, stamp duty reform, and the triple lock pension. Morgan dismisses popular wealth tax proposals as unworkable because capital is mobile, instead advocating for property and land value taxation reforms. He acknowledges the triple lock as an incredible long-term liability that any government will ultimately have to reform, and endorses proposals for gradual stamp duty replacement with annual property taxes over a ten-year transition period.

The Institute of Economic Affairs is a registered educational charity. It does not endorse or give support for any political party in the UK or elsewhere. Our mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.

The views represented here are those of the speakers alone, not those of the Institute, its Managing Trustees, Academic Advisory Council members or senior staff.