Learning Psychology (New)

How many people cross at red lights when there are no cars to be seen for miles around?
And above all: how much are they influenced by the "negative" example of other people? A German research team secretly observed people at traffic lights in Munich to find out...
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Studies (only a small selection):

Bergquist, M., Helferich, M., Thiel, M., Hellquist, S. B., Skipor, S., Ubianuju, W., & Ejelöv, E. (2023). Are broken windows spreading? Evaluating the robustness and strengths of the cross-norm effect using replications and a meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 88, 102027.

Keuschnigg, M., & Wolbring, T. (2012). Physical Disorder, Social Capital, and Norm Violation.

Keuschnigg, M., & Wolbring, T. (2015). Disorder, social capital, and norm violation: Three field experiments on the broken windows thesis. Rationality and Society, 27(1), 96-126.

Mullen, B., Copper, C., & Driskell, J. E. (1990). Jaywalking as a function of model behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16(2), 320-330.

Volker, B. (2017). Revisiting broken windows: The role of neighborhood and individual characteristics in reaction to disorder cues. Sociological Science, 4, 528-551. https:// doi.org/10.15195/v4.a22

Wolbring, T., & Keuschnigg, M. (2015, July). Field experiments in the social sciences. In Experiments in the social sciences (pp. 222-250). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG.

How saying Yes can make you more vulnerable to persuasion.

Study: Pandelaere, M., Briers, B., Dewitte, S., & Warlop, L. (2010). Better think before agreeing twice: Mere agreement: A similarity-based persuasion mechanism. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27(2), 133-141.

Beware if someone has an unusual similarity with you. You might like him. :)

Burger, J. M., Messian, N., Patel, S., Del Prado, A., & Anderson, C. (2004). What a coincidence! The effects of incidental similarity on compliance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(1), 35-43.

If somebody seems to have te same personality (or even just the same clothes) We are much more in danger to fall for his or her influence attempts...

Research suggests that it is much easier to connect with other people if we find simiarities...

When we get to know somebody who has the same birthday we immediately feel a connection to this person. This can be used to influence us...

Author: Eskil Burck (degreed psychologist)

www.learningpsychology.net

If we get to know that somebody shares his name with us, we tend to help this person. Especially if it's a unusual name. Of course this can be used by sales people to influence us...

Author: Eskil Burck (Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences)

www.learningpsychology.net

At the beginning of the 70s social psychologist Henri Tajfel could show, that even minimal similarities can lead to preference for in-group members and/or discrimination against out-group members... (minimal group paradigm)

Author: Eskil Burck

www.learningpsychology.net

What does really help after a traumatic experience? Should we, directly after a traumatic experience, talk through the traumatic experience again in great detail in a conversation with a psychologist (or another person we trust) so that we can process the experience better? Or might it be better to play Tetris, for example. The answer is perplexing…
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Studies and books (only a small selection):

James, E. L., Bonsall, M. B., Hoppitt, L., Tunbridge, E. M., Geddes, J. R., Milton, A. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Computer game play reduces intrusive memories of experimental trauma via reconsolidation-update mechanisms. Psychological science, 26(8), 1201-1215.

Holmes, E. A., & Iyadurai, L. (2020). Can we develop a «cognitive therapeutic vaccine» for the early hours after trauma to prevent the reccurrence of intrusive memories of trauma. Risk Management of Terrorism Induced Stress, 66-71.

Horsch, A., Vial, Y., Favrod, C., Harari, M. M., Blackwell, S. E., Watson, P., … & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: A proof-of-principle randomized controlled study. Behaviour research and therapy, 94, 36-47.

Iyadurai, L., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Watson, P. C., Bonsall, M. B., Geddes, J. R., … & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Molecular psychiatry, 23(3), 674-682.

Kanstrup, M., Kontio, E., Geranmayeh, A., Olofsdotter Lauri, K., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 28(1), 109-123.

Kessler, H., Schmidt, A. C., James, E. L., Blackwell, S. E., von Rauchhaupt, M., Harren, K., … & Holmes, E. A. (2020). Visuospatial computer game play after memory reminder delivered three days after a traumatic film reduces the number of intrusive memories of the experimental trauma. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 67, 101454.

Kessler, H., Holmes, E. A., Blackwell, S. E., Schmidt, A. C., Schweer, J. M., Bücker, A., … & Kehyayan, A. (2018). Reducing intrusive memories of trauma using a visuospatial interference intervention with inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(12), 1076.

Lau-Zhu, A., Holmes, E. A., & Porcheret, K. (2018). Intrusive memories of trauma in the laboratory: Methodological developments and future directions. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 5(1), 61-71.

Sometimes the psychological phenomenon priming can be confused with telepathy or mind reading...

www.learningpsychology.net