MedMaster by NURSING.com

lorazepam

Ativan

anxiety, sedation, seizures

general CNS depression by potentiating inhibitory neurotransmitters

anesthetic adjuncts, antianxiety agents, sedative hypnotics

Benzodiazepine

• use caution with COPD and sleep apnea • avoid alcohol use • antidote is Flumazenil (Romazicon) • may cause apnea, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, hypotension • use caution with other CNS depressants • administer slowly and dilute to decrease complications

loperamide

Imodium

acute diarrhea, decrease drainage post ileostomy

inhibits peristalsis, reduces the volume of feces while increasing the bulk and viscosity

antidiarrheal

• may lead to constipation – insure proper use • assess bowel function • assess fluid and electrolyte levels

lithium

Lithizine

mania

alters cation transport and neurotransmitter reuptake

Mood Stabilizer

none

• do not administer with NSAIDs • monitor drug blood levels frequently • may cause seizures, arrhythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, anorexia, hypothyroidism, tremors • Ace Inhibitors may increase serum levels • instruct patient to maintain adequate fluid intake • therapeutic level: 0.5-1.5 mEq/L

lisinopril

Prinivil

hypertension, management of CHF

block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation

antihypertensives

ACE Inhibitor

• dry cough • first dose hypotension • use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics • use cautiously with diuretic therapy • administer 1 hour before meals • monitor blood pressure often • monitor weight and fluid status • monitor renal profile • monitor liver function tests

• may cause angioedema

Levaquin

urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin and bone infections

inhibits DNA synthesis in bacteria

Anti-infective

fluoroquinolone

• contraindicated in allergies • may cause QT prolongation, avoid use with other drugs that can cause QT prolongation • can cause seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, Stevens Johnson syndrome

• increases the risk for tendinitis or tendon rupture

• may decrease plasma concentration of phenytoin • monitor renal panel • assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy • monitor liver function tests

Carbidopa/levodopa

Sinemet

Parkinson's disease

Levodopa is converted to dopamine and works as a neurotransmitter, carbidopa prevents the destruction of levodopa allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier

Antiparkinson agent

Dopamine Agonist

• May cause orthostatic hypotension • May cause dark urine • Weeks to months to take effect • Do not use with MAOIs • Do not use with glaucoma, melanoma • Assess for parkinsonian symptoms • Instruct patient to take as directed

levetiracetam

Keppra

Seizures

decreases severity and incidence of seizures by inhibiting presynaptic calcium channels and reducing neurotransmitter realease

anticonvulsants

pyrrolidines

• May cause suicidal thoughts, dizziness, weakness • May alter RBC, WBC, and liver function • May cause somnolence • Should be infused over 15 minutes

radioactive iodine

none

thyroidectomy pretreatment, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure

inhibits the release of thyroid hormones

Antithyroid Agent, control of hyperthyroidism

none

• may cause GI bleeding, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, goiter • monitor for hypersensitivity

heparin

Hep-Lock

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment, low dose used to ensure patency of IV catheters

increases the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa

anticoagulant

antithrombotic

• monitor for signs of bleeding • monitor platelet count • may cause hyperkalemia • have patient report any signs of bleeding

lamotrigine

Lamictal

seizures r/t epilepsy, bipolar

Inhibits sodium transport in neurons

anticonvulsant

• may cause suicidal thoughts, dizziness, behavior changes, nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity, rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome • use caution with oral contraceptive use • assess mental status • assess for seizures • do not discontinue use abruptly