MedMaster by NURSING.com

lactulose

Kristalose

Constipation, portal-systemic encephalopathy

draws water into the stool and softens stool, inhibits ammonia passing into the colon

laxative

osmotic

• use caution with DM • may cause cramps, abdominal distention, hyperglycemia • assess mental status, ammonia levels, abdominal distention • patient should average 2-3 bowel movements per day

ketorolac

Toradol

pain

pain relief due to prostaglandin inhibition by blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics

pyrroziline carboxylic acid

• may cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsiness • should not exceed 5 days of therapy • bleeding risk increased with garlic, ginger, and ginkgo • may decrease effectiveness of hypertensive medications and diuretics

isoniazide

INH

tuberculosis

Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall

Antitubercular

none

• can cause jaundice • may cause peripheral neuropathy, seizures, hepatitis • patient should avoid high amounts of tyramine (pickled meats, aged/smoked meats, alcohol, exotic/aged cheese) • monitor liver function tests • complete full course of therapy (6-12 months) • often used in combination with Rifampin

indomethacin

Indocin

Inflammatory disorders when patients do not respond to other medications

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

antirheumatics, ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

none

• monitor for hepatitis and GI bleeding • monitor for dizziness, drowsiness, and headache • assess for anaphylactic reaction • aspirin may decrease effectiveness • monitor renal labs • shake suspension before administration • patient should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to protect against photosensitivity

ibuprofen

Advil / Motrin

Mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins

antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

nonopioid analgesics

• may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome • may cause anaphylaxis • monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation • therapy should be discontinued after first sign of rash • monitor renal and liver labs • patient should avoid using alcohol

hydromorphone

Dilaudid

moderate to severe pain

alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex

Opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive

opioid agonist

• Assess BP, respirations, and pulse before and during administration – medication causes general CNS depression • Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose • use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other • may be used as an antitussive • advised to dilute with NS prior to administration and to administer slowly to decrease CNS depression

hydrochlorothiazide

HydroDiuril

Hypertension, CHF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid therapy

Increases sodium and water excretion and produces arterial vasodilation

antihypertensives, diuretics

thiazide diuretics

• May cause dizziness, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration • Hypokalemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity • Monitor blood pressure and intake and output • Monitor electrolyte levels • Patient should take medication at the same time each day even if feeling better • Instruct patient on how to take blood pressure

hydralazine

Apresoline

hypertension

arterial vasodilation by unclarified mechanism

anti-hypertensive

vasodilator

• may cause tachycardia, sodium retention, arrhythmias, angina • use caution with MAOIs • monitor blood pressure • instruct patient on how to take blood pressure

haloperidol

Haldol

Schizophrenia, mania, aggressive and agitated patient

Alters the effect of dopamine

Antipsychotic

butyrophenones

• extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia • use caution in QT prolongation • may cause seizures, constipation, dry mouth, agranulosytosis • assess for hallucinations • monitor hemodynamics • monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction) • monitor CBC with differential

guaifenesin

Mucinex

Cough suppression, expectorant

Decreases viscosity of and mobilizes secretions

allergy, cold and cough remedies, expectorant

none

• patient should avoid over the counter cold medications • assess lung sounds • maintain adequate fluid intake