MedMaster by NURSING.com

Flagyl

intra-abdominal infections, gynecoligical infections, skin infections, bone and joint infections, CNS infections, septicemia, endocarditis, amebic liver abscess, peptic ulcer disease

Inhibits DNA and protein synthesis in bacteria, bactericidal

anti-infectives, antiprotozoals, antiulcer agents

none

• do not take with alcohol-disulfiram reaction • assess for infection before and during treatment • obtain cultures before therapy • monitor neurologic status: parasthesia, weakness, ataxia, or seizures • monitor intake and output, daily weights • may alter liver enzyme tests

metoclopramide

Reglan

prevention of nausea, vomiting, hiccups, migraines, gastric stasis

accelerates gastric emptying by stimulating motility

antiemetic

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, prokinetic

• do not use with GI obstruction • may cause extrapyramidal reaction, neurolyptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, arrhythmias, blood pressure alterations, hematologic alterations, facial movements, sedation • can decrease effects of levodopa • assess nausea/vomiting • monitor liver function tests

methylphenidate

Ritalin, Concerta

ADHD, narcolepsy

improves attention span in ADHD by producing CNS stimulation

central nervous system stimulant

none

• can cause sudden death, hypertension, palpitations, anorexia, hyperactivity, insomnia • may decrease effects of Warfarin and Phenytoin • do not use with MAOIs • monitor cardiovascular system • monitor for behavioral changes • monitor for dependence • do not consume caffeinated beverages "Drug Holiday" used to assess dependence and status

Methergine

treatment of post-partum hemorrhage

stimulates uterine muscles causing uterine contraction

oxytocic

ergot alkaloids

• can cause hypertension, cramps, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea • monitor BP, heart rate, uterine response • assess calcium levels – effectiveness ↓ with hypocalcemia • monitor uterine bleeding and notify physician of any changes

Mathadose

withdrawal symptoms, pain

Suppresses withdrawal symptoms. Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS. This depression also causes a decrease in the cough reflex and GI motility.

opioid analgesic

opioid agonist

• use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors • may cause QT prolongation, hypotension, respiratory depression, dependence, confusion, sedation • assess pain, vital signs, bowel function • may increase pancreatic enzyme levels • assess withdrawal symptoms

metformin

Glucophage

management of Type II DM, PCOS

decreases glucose production in the liver, decreases absorption, increases cellular insulin sensitivity

Antidiabetic

Biguanide

• do not use with renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis • may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, lactic acidosis • monitor patient closely for ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis, discontinue medication immediately if acidotic • may cause metallic taste • instruct patient that medication does not cure diabetes

meperidine

Demerol

moderate to severe pain, sedation

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS.

Opioid Analgesic

opioid agonists

• may cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea, vomiting • assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently during administration • use caution if patient is receiving MAOIs • Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists • can cause seizure • may increase pancreatic enzyme levels • assess bowel function

mannitol

Osmitrol

increased ICP, oliguric renal failure, edema, increased intraocular pressure

inhibits reabsorption of water and electrolytes by increasing osmotic pressure, excreted by kidneys

diuretic

osmotic diuretic

• may cause phlebitis at IV site • may cause dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances • monitor neuro status • administer via a filter

magnesium sulfate

MgSO4

treatment of hypomagnesaemia, hypertension, preterm labor, torsade de pointes, asthma, anticonvulsant with eclampsia

magnesium plays a role in muscle excitability

mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements

minerals/electrolytes

• use caution with renal insufficiency
• may cause decreased respiratory rate, arrythmias, hypotension, muscle weakness
• monitor EKG and respiratory status
• monitor Mg levels
• ensure dosage with secondary practitioner
• Calcium gluconate is the antidote
  • Magnesium toxicity results in respiratory depression and loss of deep tendon reflexes

losartan

Cozaar

hypertension, DM neuropathy, CHF

inhibits vasoconstrictive properties of angiotensin II

antihypertensives

angiotensin II receptor antagonist

• may cause hypotension, tacycardia, angiodema, hyperkalemia • may increase digoxin levels • assess blood pressure and heart rate • assess fluid levels • monitor daily weights with CHF • monitor renal and liver • instruct patient on how to take blood pressure