Volcanoes don’t have to be hot. In fact, volcanoes on several worlds of the solar system may belch liquid water, forming mountains of ice.

These worlds have oceans of water trapped below their icy crusts. Some of the water may escape through cracks or thin spots in the crust. It spews out onto the surface, forming a mound of ice.

There’s evidence of such ice volcanoes on Pluto; on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn; and on Ceres, the largest member of the asteroid belt. And there’s some evidence of ice volcanoes on Europa, one of the big moons of Jupiter.

Europa is one of the most intriguing objects in the solar system. Its ocean appears to be deep, but fairly close to the surface. Telescopes on the ground and in space have detected water vapor around Europa, suggesting that water from the ocean is squirting out into space.

Europa Clipper, a mission scheduled for later this decade, will look for evidence of ice volcanoes. It’ll search for more plumes of water vapor around the big moon. And scientists will compare its pictures to those taken by earlier missions. That will show whether any ice mounds have appeared in recent decades — evidence of cold volcanoes on a cold moon.

Jupiter appears near our own Moon tonight. It looks like a brilliant star. Europa and three other moons are visible through binoculars, arrayed like tiny stars near the giant planet.

We’ll talk about the Moon and another giant planet tomorrow.

Script by Damond Benningfield

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