The universe follows a set of rules – the laws of physics. Those laws govern everything from the vibrations of the strings on a cello to the motions of the stars and planets. In fact, for centuries it was thought that the stars and planets must produce their own heavenly music – the music of the spheres.

The idea was first proposed about 2500 years ago, by Pythagoras of Samos. The Greek philosopher studied the music produced by a lyre – a small, handheld harp. Its tones were produced by the vibrations of the strings. He found a mathematical relationship between the tones and the length of the strings.

Since the strings were vibrating, that meant they were moving. Pythagoras then suggested that everything that moves produces its own vibrations – its own music. And that included the heavens.

At the time, the leading view of the universe said it consisted of a series of spheres. The Sun, Moon, and known planets were embedded in their own spheres. The stars were in the outer sphere. As the spheres moved, Pythagoras said they should produce musical notes. The relationships between the spheres determined the specific notes. Taken together, they should produce a beautiful cosmic harmony.

Over the centuries, some thought the music was real. Others thought of it as more symbolic – an indication that the universe was in harmony – a different way to “hear” the music of the spheres.

Script by Damond Benningfield