Night Classy

Kat covers a mysterious and DEADLY disease nicknamed the laughing death. (No, it is not about being tickled.) Then Hayley has a PRIDE lesson for us! She'll be teaching us about a wrongfully demonized patient of the AIDS epidemic.

Gaétan Dugas Sources:

https://www.nature.com/articles/538428a

https://macleans.ca/culture/movies/how-a-typo-created-a-scapegoat-for-the-aids-epidemic/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaëtan_Dugas

https://www.vice.com/en/article/vb4mz9/how-one-young-gay-man-was-wrongfully-blamed-for-bringing-aids-to-the-us

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2016.20877

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaëtan_Dugas

Would you pay $10 for a skull reading? Hayley introduces us to the Buzzfeed personality test of the Victorian Era: phrenology! Hopefully your organ of murder isn't too bulgy. Then, Kat tells the incredible life story of Karl M. Baer. An intersex man who underwent the world's first gender affirming surgery, all while being a feminist icon and Jewish activist king.

https://linktr.ee/NightClassy

Phrenology Sources:

https://www.simplypsychology.org/phrenology.html

https://www.yorku.ca/rsheese2/1010/gall.htm

https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/feb/05/django-unchained-racist-science-phrenology

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/facing-a-bumpy-history-144497373/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR9x3KVmE48

https://blogs.getty.edu/iris/physiognomy-the-beautiful-pseudoscience/

https://www.redcross.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/clara-barton.html#:~:text=life%20and%20legacy-,Clarissa%20Harlowe%20Barton%2C%20known%20as%20Clara%2C%20is%20one%20of%20the,for%20the%20next%2023%20years.

Karl M. Baer Sources:

https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/2022/12/11/karl-m-baer

https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2015-12-05/ty-article/.premium/the-first-sex-change-surgery-in-history/0000017f-f3fd-d5bd-a17f-f7ffa4970000?v=1687269610864

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_M._Baer

https://isna.org/faq/what_is_intersex/

https://linktr.ee/nightclassy

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Plastic Surgery Sources:

https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/birth-plastic-surgery

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/reconstructing-face-america-liberating-face-and-soul-soldiers-through-innovations#:~:text=During%20World%20War%20II%2C%20surgeons,sense%20of%20pride%20and%20confidence.

https://www.livescience.com/4555-world-prosthetic-egyptian-mummy-fake-toe.html

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17572582/

https://www.cnn.com/style/article/plastic-cosmetic-surgery-history-scn/index.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1174731/

https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2020/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2020.pdf

https://www.duchyhospital.co.uk/news/the-history-of-plastic-surgery?_its=JTdCJTIydmlkJTIyJTNBJTIyYWM5YThhZDEtNjYzYy00ZjU2LWEzNGEtOGI4ZDIwZTY2OTk1JTIyJTJDJTIyc3RhdGUlMjIlM0ElMjJybHR%2BMTY4NjY3Mjg1M35sYW5kfjJfNDE2M19zZW9fOWZkM2EyOWIxMjMwZDJlZDdkZDQxYTRkZmU2NTQ1NmUlMjIlMkMlMjJzaXRlSWQlMjIlM0EyNzglN0Q%3D

https://theconversation.com/world-war-i-the-birth-of-plastic-surgery-and-modern-anaesthesia-106191#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20main%20techniques,at%20the%20site%20of%20implantation.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-surprising-history-and-future-of-boob-job-fever_b_5832524?ir=Australia

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17511491

https://www.freewomenwriters.org/2018/03/06/nose-mutilation-despicable-act-violence-women-south-asia/#:~:text=One%20such%20form%20of%20violence,rhinotomy%20or%20severe%20nose%20mutilation.&text=In%20South%20Asia%2C%20women%20are,of%20men%20in%20the%20family.

https://magazine.med.miami.edu/a-zoom-boom-for-cosmetic-surgery/

Hayley covers the queen of abstract art, and communicating with the spirit realm, Hilma af Klint. Hilma kept her art secret for decades believing the world wasn't ready. We are glad she is finally getting the credit she deserves! Then, if you don't already have taphophobia, you definitely will after Kat's lesson. She recounts three terrifying stories of people being buried alive, and the lengths inventors went to prevent future mishaps.

https://linktr.ee/nightclassy

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Hilma af Klint Sources:

https://www.guggenheim.org/teaching-materials/hilma-af-klint-paintings-for-the-future/spiritual-beliefs#:~:text=Af%20Klint%20was%20also%20influenced,could%20communicate%20with%20the%20living.

https://www.thecollector.com/how-occultism-spiritualism-inspired-hilma-af-klint-paintings/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ab_QfeL4u4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMTiKeG6JUE

https://www.guggenheim.org/teaching-materials/hilma-af-klint-paintings-for-the-future/spiritual-beliefs#:~:text=Af%20Klint%20was%20also%20influenced,could%20communicate%20with%20the%20living.

https://www.guggenheim.org/teaching-materials/hilma-af-klint-paintings-for-the-future/paintings-for-the-temple

https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/hilma-af-klint-2013/symbols/#:~:text=Here%20are%20a%20few%20general,while%20U%20stands%20for%20spirit.

Safety Coffin sources:

https://www.worstcasescenario.com/blog/how-to-survive-being-buried-alive

https://www.vox.com/2015/7/31/9075011/buried-alive-safety-coffins

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Hays

https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2001/0305/193.html?sh=7e6b09882f39

https://allthatsinteresting.com/essie-dunbar

https://www.ranker.com/list/octavia-hatcher/ada-hart

Kat takes us into the dazzling world of vaudeville as we uncover the story of the Cherry Sisters. Their eccentric performances exist at the intersection of people who throw things at performers and those who punch walls. Next, Hayley tells the story of the Oversteegn sisters, fearless resistance fighters during World War II. You must always remember to stay human!

https://linktr.ee/nightclassy

Oversteegen Sisters Sources:

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/25/obituaries/freddie-oversteegen-dutch-resistance-fighter-dies-at-92.html

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/freddie-oversteegen-who-assassinated-nazis-teenage-resistance-fighter-has-died-92-180970319/

https://time.com/5661142/dutch-resistance-friendship/

https://crimereads.com/truus-and-freddie-oversteegen-sisters-resistance-fighters/

https://owlcation.com/humanities/The-Tale-of-Freddie-Oversteegen-Teenage-Nazi-Killer

Hayley recaps a trial that attempted to convict a science teacher for teaching science- no, really. John Thomas Scopes was prosecuted by the state of Tennessee for teaching that humans evolved from "monkeys," and not even American monkeys! Then, Kat explains how scientist John Calhoun attempted to answer the unknowns of human overpopulation using mice. Spoiler alert: societal structures crumble and the mice succumb to degeneracy. Maybe humans would do things differently?

https://linktr.ee/nightclassy

Scopes Monkey Trial Sources:

https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/scopes-trial

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/monkey-trial-begins

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_trial

https://www.aclu.org/other/aclu-history-scopes-monkey-trial

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/leopold-and-loeb-gain-national-attention

Universe 25 sources:

https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/mouse-heaven-or-mouse-hell#:~:text=Calhoun's%20most%20famous%20utopia%2C%20number,doubled%20every%2055%20days%20afterward.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_sink

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Calhoun

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-mouse-utopias-1960s-led-grim-predictions-humans-180954423/

https://www.the-scientist.com/foundations/universe-25-1968-1973-69941

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Kat covers the eerie legend of Corpsewood Manor, a secluded residence in the woods of Georgia, built by hand by a Satanist and his Catholic boyfriend. Dr. Charles Shudder and Joseph Odom were truly living their best lives. Maybe they didn't have electricity, but they were never short on LSD, skulls, or pentagrams. Much like a horror movie, this true crime story takes a dark turn. Next, Hayley steps into the shadowy world of the Witness Protection Program. You have to give up your name and identity as a witness, but you will be protected by the government, and if you're lucky you might just get them to pay for your BBL!

https://linktr.ee/NightClassy

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Witness Protection Program Sources:

https://ravallirepublic.com/news/local/history-with-phil-the-witness-protection-program/article_32d2a543-d9e4-5cd7-88b2-a4272985651d.html

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/649685/witness-protection-program-facts

https://books.google.com/books?id=98UWxdVcbqgC&q=LaFolla#v=snippet&q=penile&f=false

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/77695/12-secrets-witness-protection-program

https://people.howstuffworks.com/witness-protection.htm#:~:text=Victims%20of%20crimes%20committed%20by,funeral%20costs%20and%20lost%20wages.

https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/security/a26016360/witness-protection-program/

https://thisiscriminal.com/episode-104-witness-12-7-2018

Corpsewood Manor Sources:

https://www.atlantamagazine.com/great-reads/the-corpsewood-murders-40-years-later/

https://www.churchofsatan.com/tragic-case-dr-charles-lee-scudder/

https://allthatsinteresting.com/corpsewood-manor-murders

https://the-line-up.com/corpsewood-manor

https://m.box.com/shared_item/https%3A%2F%2Fapp.box.com%2Fs%2Fm31qs99380qa5v0hg0sgnb8g3f23zn9w

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43687/the-tyger

Hayley teaches the history of a system near and dear to her heart: the lottery. You may only have a one in 14 million chance of picking the winning numbers, but you have a one in one chance of enjoying this episode- bu-dum-tss! Then, Kat and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle prove to everyone that fairies are real and men are stupid. Two country girls got more than they bargained for when they presented their parents with photographs of fairies.

Lottery Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhC5NmFouHU

https://linktr.ee/NightClassy

Lottery Sources

Statistics at UC Berkeley | Department of Statistics

Statistics at UC Berkeley | Department of Statistics

https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~aldous/157/Papers/kaplan.pdf

Lottery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery

It turns out money can kind of buy happiness after all

Piper

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/9/2

Lottery fraud

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_fraud

Winning the Mega Millions jackpot sounds great, but this story is tragic

Riley

https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/08/23/kentucky-lottery-winner-died-penniless/594716001/

Everything You Know About the Fate of Lottery Winners Is Probably Wrong

Martinez

https://time.com/5427275/lottery-winning-happiness-debunked/

Why You Can't Buy Lottery Tickets With a Credit Card

Lee

https://moneyinc.com/cant-buy-lottery-tickets-credit-card/

A look back at the PA Lottery scandal

https://youtu.be/OhC5NmFouHU

9 Smart Moves for Lottery Winners

Hanscom Federal Credit Union

https://go.hfcu.org/blog/lottery

Cottingley Fairies Sources:

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/mar/31/cottingley-fairies-fake-photos-go-under-the-hammer

https://blog.newspapers.com/arthur-conan-doyle-and-the-cottingley-fairies/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottingley_Fairies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical_Society

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-55187973

http://hoaxes.org/photo_database/image/the_cottingley_fairies/

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Kat covers the second half of the Donner party. It's mostly eating rugs and taking weeks-long depression naps. Before long, rescuers reach the stranded parties but we're still not sure if they came from California or heaven. Next, Hayley resurrects the story of the Cadaver Synod. Pope Formosus was put on trial… 7 months after he died. It was not a normal trial.

Cadaver Synod Sources:

THE TRIAL OF THE CORPSE POPE!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nfpwo5B0Iq4

The Cadaver Synod: When a Dead Pope Was Put on Trial

Carrie Whitney

https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/dead-pope-put-on-trial.htm

The Cadaver Synod: Putting a Dead Pope on Trial - JSTOR Daily

The Cadaver Synod: Putting a Dead Pope on Trial Why did Pope Stephen VI go to such great lengths to destroy an enemy who was already dead? Pope Formosus and Stephen VI - The Cadaver Synod of 897 by Jean Paul Laurens, 1870 via Wikimedia Commons By: Amelia Soth February 7, 2019 4 minutes

https://daily.jstor.org/the-cadaver-synod-putting-a-dead-pope-on-trial

The Cadaver Synod: When a Pope's Corpse Was Put on Trial

Harper

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/morbid-monday-cadaver-synod

The Cadaver Synod: When the Corpse of a Dead Pope Was Put on Trial and "Executed"

Fraser

https://medium.com/@mwfraser/the-cadaver-synod-when-the-corpse-of-a-dead-pope-was-put-on-trial-and-executed-1c9f3b82b11f

https://linktr.ee/NightClassy

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Hayley introduces us to a man who created a reality show for his own ghost. Charles Vance Millar's will left a wake of chaos, paramount of which was prize money for a baby-making competition. If you're confused, don't worry, we are too. Then, Kat begins the harrowing story of survival, perseverance, and ultimate taboo-breaking, that is the Donner Party.

https://linktr.ee/NightClassy

Donner Party Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Party#

https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ca-donnerparty/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/donner-party-cannibalism-nation-west?loggedin=true&rnd=1682339172873

https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-should-know-about-the-donner-party

https://www.wired.com/story/case-for-cannibalism-how-survive-donner-party/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donner_route_map.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Party_timeline

Great Stork Derby Sources

Historicist: The Great Stork Derby

Torontoist

https://torontoist.com/2016/10/historicist-the-stork-derby/

RadGreat Stork Derby:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stork_Derby

How A Dead Millionaire Drove Canada To A Baby-Making Race For His Fortune

Asselin

https://allthatsinteresting.com/great-stork-derby

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