Norsk for Beginners

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Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-5-the-union-with-sweden-1814-1905

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As we discussed in the previous episode, the union between Norway and Sweden emerged in the aftermath of a war in 1814. However, it wasn't a desired arrangement in Norway. It's important to note that this union was distinct from the earlier union with Denmark. Unlike the Danish union, Sweden didn't govern Norway directly. Instead, the majority of governing authority resided in Norway. This meant that Norway retained its own constitution, establishing its independent institutions like the Storting (parliament) and a dedicated government. It was a significant step towards self-determination for Norway.

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Transcript: ⁠https://laernorsknaa.com/7-6-ww-i-and-the-interwar-period-in-norway-1914-1940/

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Norge var derfor ikke direkte med i første verdenskrig fra 1914 til 1918. Norge var nøytralt hele perioden. Men Norge ble likevel indirekte trukket inn i krigen. Storbritannia var den viktigste handelspartneren til Norge. Norge fortsatte å drive handel med Storbritannia, men mange norske båter ble senket av tyske ubåter. Dette gjorde at mange i Norge støttet Storbritannia framfor Tyskland i første verdenskrig. Men det var ikke veldig viktig for Norge hvem som vant første verdenskrig. Likevel ble Norge kalt for “den allierte nøytrale” siden Norge handlet så mye med Storbritannia. Dette gjorde at Norge fikk Svalbard i Svalbardtraktaten etter første verdenskrig.

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Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-4-1814-independence-and-constitution/

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Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-3-the-enlightenment-in-norway-the-18th-century/

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Norwegian Enlightenment began in the early 18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. It was a period of significant changes in Norway. New ideas arrived in Norway from other European countries. New plants, like the potato, came from South America. People enjoyed better health and longer lives. This was a period marked by the ideals and values of the Enlightenment, although the Norwegian Enlightenment was not identical to the French. But what was the Enlightenment really?

 The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when intellectuals in Europe, led by French intellectuals, began advocating for science, freedom, and tolerance. The French philosophers Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are especially well-known. In Norway, the Enlightenment was led by priests and bishops. 

Priests played a central role as intellectuals in Norway. They formed networks for the collection and dissemination of knowledge. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, the bishop of Trondheim, was particularly important. He was a skilled network builder for Norwegian science and gathered a wealth of historical and scientific knowledge in Norway. Priests also played a crucial role in spreading knowledge in agriculture. This is how the potato was introduced to Norway. Priests, who earned the nickname "potato priests," traveled around Norway and convinced farmers to plant potatoes from South America. Potatoes are highly resilient, and many in Norway had more to eat because of them.

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https://www.norgeshistorie.no/kirkestat/1111-troldomssakene-i-norge.html 

https://snl.no/trolldomsprosessene 

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Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-2-whitch-trials-in-norway-1570-1695/

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In this episode, we will discuss which hunts in the period between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as they reached their peak between 1570 and 1680. To understand these events, it is crucial to recognize that "witchcraft" and "sorcery" were not entirely new concepts in 1570. What changed was the involvement of the judiciary, which began actively hunting and trying witches in court cases.

Many people have a perception that the Middle Ages was especially brutal and that everything improved during the Renaissance in the 1400s. The witch trials in Europe provide a compelling example that challenges this simplistic view. During the Middle Ages, scholars largely dismissed the belief in witches and sorcery, attributing such claims to illusions and trickery, merely products of people's imagination. However, this perspective gradually shifted by the late 1300s. A belief in "black magic" emerged, which was thought to cause harm to both people and animals. Nevertheless, it wasn't until the late 1500s and 1600s that the witch trials really escalated.

The period between 1580 and 1630 saw numerous witch burnings, with over half of the documented trials taking place during this time. Researchers argue that religious conflicts, political and economic instability, climate deterioration, and repeated periods of famine laid the foundation for the witch hunts. The persecution of witches was theoretically supported by widespread beliefs in the existence of demons and witchcraft. Numerous books were written about witches and sorcery. It is estimated that around 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe and America, with 310 individuals being convicted and killed for witchcraft in Norway.

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Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-1-modern-norwegian-history-an-overview/

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The 16th and 17th centuries in Norway were characterized by

1.     The introduction of the Reformation in Norway, which led to the establishment of

2.     Centralization of power of the Danish king. Danish noblemen and the Danish king gained more

3.     Economic development in Norway. Norway acquired two important industries during this

From 1660, Denmark-Norway became an absolute monarchy,

1.     European colonization and the introduction of new plants and goods to Norway, such as

2.     Wars with Sweden. During this period, there were several major wars between

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The Sami, the indigenous people of Norway, has fought and is in some way still fighting to preserve their culture, and this has led to the creation of a Sami national day. February 6 is the national day for all Sami in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola-peninsula in Russia. It commemorates the first national meeting for the Sami in Norway in Trondheim in 1917, the first time a wide coalition of Sami in Norway gathered to discuss common Sami issues. This meeting was important in creating a common Sami movement. February 6 officially became the Sami national day in 1992.

Today, the national day of the Sami is first and foremost celebrated in Sápmi, the northern parts of the Scandinavian peninsula. It is celebrated by raising the Sami flag and serving traditional Sami food like bidos. In Manndalen in Northern Troms, far north in Norway, where I live, there was a Sami exhibition, Sami theatre, and Sami food at the Centre for northern peoples, a Sami cultural centre.

In the rest of Norway, February 6 is marked by raising the Norwegian flag in all public spaces. This is to congratulate the Sami people on their national day. However, the day is hardly celebrated in the rest of Norway, and February 6 is not a holiday. That means that everyone has to go to work or school, in contrast to May 17.

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In Norway, we celebrate our Constitution Day on the 17th of May, and in Norwegian, it’s often only referred to as the 17th of may (17. mai). We celebrate our Constitution and our independence from 1814. This actually makes the Norwegian Constitution the second oldest in the world to still be in use, just behind the US Constitution. Also, the Norwegian constitution might have been the most democratic in the world when it was made in 1814. Therefore, May 17 is also a celebration of democracy in general.

In addition to the constitution, we celebrate our independence this day. Until 1814, Norway was in a personal union with Denmark and had been so from the 15th century. This happened largely due to the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Denmark was on the side of the French whereas the Swedes supported the coalition led by Great Britain and Russia. When France lost the war, the victors agreed to transfer Norway from Denmark to Sweden. This was very unpopular in Norway and independence was declared and a constitution made.

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Russetida, the celebration of graduation from upper secondary school, happens from the first to 17th of May, the national day of Norway. The students will then take on red clothes, a red russe hat and hand out russe cards, which many children collect. These cards will often contain a funny picture and quote from the person who hands it out. The russetid is also celebrated with a lot of partying and alcohol, and the russ have their own festivals and parties.

But the russetid is not only about partying. It is also about having fun in other ways, for example the russeknuter, challenges. Doing a challenge gives you a prize that you can fasten to your russe hat. Some examples of challenges in 2022 were.

Many russ will make groups with a group name, group merchandise, group clothes, a group logo, and sometimes, even a buss, a so called russebuss. The buss is painted and styled and is used to go around the country to party. Some groups will even make their own song, a so-called russesang. These are very sexualized and is often about partying, drinking a lot of alcohol, and having sex with beautiful girls. Many have criticised them, but they are popular among the russ.

Many look forward to their russetid, but many has also criticized the tradition. The russetid used to be after the exams, but now, the exams are after the russetid. That means that many people will party for almost a month before their most important exams, leading to much worse grades than they would have gotten without partying so much.

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Akevitt er et ord som kommer fra latinsk aqua vitae og betyr «livets vann». Akevitt blir laga av nøytral sprit som er tilsatt et kryddereller en urte. Det kan for eksempel være nøytral sprit med dill eller med koriander. I Norge må den nøytrale spriten lages fra potet, mens det i Sverige og Danmark ofte lages med korn. Alkoholprosenten må være minst 37,5 %, men den kan ikke være høyere enn 60 %. Som regel ligger alkoholnivået mellom 37,5 % og 43 %. I Norge har man drukket akevitt siden 1500-tallet. Da kunne man få tak i krydder fra Østen og potet fra Sør-Amerika. I dag er akevitt det mest kjente norske brennevinet.

La oss nå gå over til å snakke om vinmonopolet. Vinmonopolet er et navn som betyr monopol på vin. Altså, de eneste som kan selge vin. Faktisk er vinmonopolet det eneste stedet i Norge hvor du kan kjøpe drikker med mer enn 4,7 % alkohol. I vanlige dagligvarebutikker får du bare kjøpt øl under 4,7 % alkohol. Om du har lyst på vin, brennevin eller øl med mer enn 4,7 % alkohol må du altså kjøpte det hos vinmonopolet. La oss se litt på hvorfor det ble slik.