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Scripture: John 11:28-38
Scripture: John 11:28-38
A. Martha summons Mary privately, telling her the Teacher is calling for her
B. Jesus is met by Mary and a company of mourning Jews — likely professional mourners, consistent with wealthy Jewish funeral custom
C. Jesus is "deeply moved in his spirit and greatly troubled" (John 11:33)
A. "Jesus wept" — the shortest verse in Scripture, yet enormously significant (John 11:35)
B. Jesus weeps more deeply than those around him
A. The onlookers rightly perceive Christ's love: "See how he loved him" (John 11:36)
B. Others question his power: "Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have kept this man from dying?" (John 11:37)
C. Jesus is "deeply moved again" as he approaches the tomb (John 11:38) — the same word of outrage and indignation
D. The same zeal that drove Jesus to cleanse the temple (John 2; cf. Isaiah 9:7) drives him now toward the cross
Scripture: 1 John 5:1
Scripture: 1 John 5:1-5
A. The Greek construction of verse 1 is key: "believes" (present tense) flows from "has been born of God" (perfect tense — a past definitive act with ongoing effect)
B. The Westminster Confession affirms both realities: God enlightens the mind and renews the will, so that the elect come "most freely, being made willing by his grace"
C. The passage is bookended by faith with objective content (1 John 5:1 and 1 John 5:5): faith that Jesus is the Christ / the Son of God
A. 1 John 5:1b — "everyone who loves the Father loves whoever has been born of him": regeneration brings adoption into God's household
B. The defining model of this love is 1 John 4:10 — propitiation: the Father pours out wrath on the Son for us
C. Cultural "love" is rest-stop philanthropy — praised, painless, and moveable; it carries no vulnerability and no cost
D. Cross-shaped love on earth anticipates painless, glorified love in heaven — suffering gives way to glory
A. 1 John 5:2-3 — love for the children of God is demonstrated by loving God and keeping his commandments
B. The tenth commandment (Romans 7) exposes the need for a heart change — covetousness reveals that commandment-keeping requires the new birth
C. His commandments are "not burdensome" — a closed canon of Scripture provides clarity, stability, and direction for love
D. Closing paradox: the cross — the cruelest instrument of death — is not a burden, because behind it is the power of God written on the heart by the Spirit
Scripture: John 11:1-27
Scripture: John 11:1-27
A. Lazarus's illness is explicitly said to be "for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it" (John 11:4), paralleling the healing of the man born blind in John 9
B. Jesus deliberately waits two days before going to Bethany, arriving when Lazarus has been dead four days
C. Jesus describes Lazarus as merely "asleep" (John 11:11), using the word from which the English "cemetery" (a Christian's place of sleep) is derived
A. Two predominant views of resurrection existed within first-century Judaism
B. Jesus does not deny the future resurrection but goes radically further: "I am the resurrection and the life" (John 11:25) — present tense
C. Jesus is the eschatological Last Day reality breaking into the present
A. Thomas, often remembered only as "doubting Thomas," here exemplifies cross-bearing faith
B. Martha, often remembered negatively from Luke 10:38-42, here runs to meet Jesus and makes the great confession
C. The faith being deepened here is not conversion faith (as with the man born blind in John 9:35) but the ongoing, deepening faith of those already in Christ
Scripture: 1 John 4:1-6
Scripture: 1 John 4:1-6
A. Believers are commanded to test the spirits — not every spirit is from God, and many false prophets have gone out into the world
B. The true confession: every spirit that confesses Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God
C. The heresy of Docetism arose early in the church
D. Any teaching that denies the God-man Jesus Christ is the spirit of Antichrist
A. John states an indicative: the recipients of this letter are from God and have overcome the false teachers
B. Holding the good confession and remaining in the church produces godly character; abandoning it corrupts character
C. Biblical examples of doctrinal departure leading to moral ruin
D. Pastoral application: the question is not primarily whether you have failed, but whether you are genuinely making the good confession and your life's trajectory is oriented toward it
A. John's use of "us" refers to the apostles; whoever listens to the apostles is from God; whoever does not is not from God
B. Listening to the apostles means receiving their word as the fully inspired, infallible, inerrant Word of God — all of it, not selectively
C. Sola Scriptura was not invented at the Reformation; the Reformers were recovering what the earliest church fathers had always affirmed
D. The greatest threat today is not outright rejection of Christ, but the selective embrace of apostolic teaching — accepting what fits cultural taste and discarding what does not
E. Hold fast to the good confession, to the full apostolic teaching, and to the Spirit of Christ rather than the spirit of Antichrist
Scripture: John 10:22-42
Scripture: John 10:22–42
A. Jesus appeals to his works as testimony from the Father about who he is (John 10:37–38)
B. The healed blind man of John 9 illustrates the proper reception of Jesus's miraculous works
C. The words and works of Christ are a package deal — there is no "half-Christ" option
A. The sheep belong equally to the Son and to the Father (John 10:26–30)
B. Salvation is monergistic — God the Father goes all the way through the Son to his sheep
C. The intercession of Christ guarantees the security of the sheep even in failure
A. Jesus's declaration "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30) echoes the Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4, causing the Jews to take up stones for blasphemy
B. Jesus responds by arguing from the lesser to the greater, quoting Psalm 82:6
C. The word consecrated (Greek: the same root as "dedication") links Jesus's claim directly to the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah)
D. Application: To misuse the name of Jesus Christ is to blaspheme Yahweh, the Covenant God of Israel — honor the name of Christ in word and conduct
Scripture: 1 John 3:11
Scripture: 1 John 3:11–24
(verses 11–18)
A. The passage is framed by the command "love one another" — stated in 1 John 3:11 and 1 John 3:23, and echoed as an imperative in 1 John 3:18
B. The hating way of Cain — 1 John 3:12; Genesis 4
C. Application from the way of Cain: do not be surprised when the world hates you (1 John 3:13)
D. The loving way of Christ — 1 John 3:16
E. Application from the way of Christ: love others like him (1 John 3:17–18)
(verses 19–24)
A. Loving in truth connects the believer to the truth of God and brings reassurance of heart (1 John 3:19)
B. The goal is confidence before God — but confidence is not built on the quality or quantity of our love (1 John 3:20–21)
C. Confidence before God overflows into confident prayer (1 John 3:22)
D. The command and its assurance summarized (1 John 3:23–24)
Scripture: John 10:1-21
Scripture: John 10:1-21
A. The Pharisees as the thieves, robbers, and false shepherds
B. The hired hand as a false shepherd
A. Two sheepfolds: Israel and the Gentiles
B. The sheep are those whose souls long for what only Christ can give
A. The intimacy of the Son's knowledge of the Father is the source of the sheep's redemption
B. The Covenant of Redemption (pactum salutis)
C. The cross is the fullest display of the character of God
Scripture: John 9
Scripture: John 9
A. The blind man's condition — born blind, relegated to begging, with little support from parents or neighbors
B. Jesus heals the man by making mud with saliva, anointing his eyes, and sending him to wash in the Pool of Siloam (John 9:6-7)
C. Jesus's method of healing is not uniform throughout the Gospels
D. The mud carries theological significance within a passage about Jesus as the light of the world
E. The Pool of Siloam ("Sent") was part of Hezekiah's water system; its waters were used during the Feast of Tabernacles (John 7–8) for the water-pouring ceremony at the altar
F. This physical healing is temporary — the man will die — but it is a foretaste of the complete and eternal healing Christ's people will experience at his return
A. The physical miracle functions as a sign pointing to a deeper spiritual reality — the spiritual blindness of the Pharisees (John 9:13-41)
B. The Pharisees are concerned that Jesus healed on the Sabbath, breaking their man-made tradition — as in John 5 with the healing at the Pool of Bethesda
C. The formerly blind man proves to be a better theologian than the Pharisees
D. Jesus explains the judicial dimension of his coming (John 9:39-41)
E. The root of the Pharisees' blindness is pride and self-made religion
F. Application: It is easy for any believer to treat Christ as a confirming witness to one's own opinions rather than as Lord; we all have "a little Pharisee" within
A. Jesus seeks the man out — the man does not cry out to Jesus as Bartimaeus does in Mark 10
B. Jesus corrects the disciples' assumption that suffering always results from specific sin (John 9:1-3)
C. The charge to work while it is day (John 9:4)
D. The progressive growth of the man's knowledge of Jesus is the climactic work of God on display
E. God's sovereign purpose in suffering — Romans 8:28
F. Illustration: Hymn writer Helen Lemmel was struck blind at the height of her fame; her husband left her; friends abandoned her — and out of that blindness and heartache she wrote Turn Your Eyes Upon Jesus, testifying that the light of Christ's glory causes the things of earth to grow strangely dim
Scripture: 1 John 2:28-3:10
Scripture: 1 John 2:28–3:10
A. John addresses believers as "little children," evoking the image of an infant utterly dependent on a parent — a prayerless Christian is therefore an oxymoron
B. Before issuing any imperative, John grounds obedience in identity: 1 John 3:1 — "See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God"
C. The Heidelberg Catechism's third section (Gratitude) reflects the Reformers' and Puritans' conviction that true obedience flows not from slavish fear but from gratitude for God's grace
D. Practical application: do you sit often at the cross and marvel at the Father's love? That wonder is the incentive for a life of obedience
A. 1 John 3:4 defines sin with unusual clarity: sin is lawlessness — the deliberate breaking of God's law
B. The gospel is not only that Christ died for sins and grants eternal life; it is also liberation from the dominion of sin in daily life
C. Christ is not only our Liberator — he is our role model, our elder brother
A. 1 John 3:9 — "No one born of God makes a practice of sinning, for God's seed abides in him"
B. This is not sinless perfectionism — 1 John 1:8 already rules that out: "If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves"
C. The Spirit is more perseverant and more powerful than the flesh
D. These realities do not produce complacency — they incentivize human effort
Scripture: John 8:48-59
Scripture: John 8:48-59
A. The passage as a whole concerns adopted children and their marks
B. The doctrine of adoption has been underemphasized in church history
C. Central question: How can you know that God is your Father?
A. The Jews charge Jesus with being a Samaritan and having a demon (John 8:48)
B. Jesus responds: "I honor my Father and you dishonor me" (John 8:49-50)
C. Application: There is nothing more distasteful to the Father than disrespect for his Son, and nothing more attractive than giving solemn weight and glory to the Son
A. Those not born of God cannot hear the words of God (John 8:47)
B. Jesus knows the Father and keeps his word (John 8:55)
C. The promise: "If anyone keeps my word, he will never taste death" (John 8:51)
D. Application: The Son comes as our representative and declares the Father's word of freedom — "Daddy says we can"
A. The Jews' accusation that Jesus is greater than Abraham exposes their unbelief (John 8:52-53)
B. Abraham rejoiced to see Christ's day — he saw it and was glad (John 8:56)
C. The setting: the Feast of Tabernacles and the imagery of light
D. "Before Abraham was, I AM" (John 8:58)
E. Application: Through Christ's death and resurrection, the light of the Son draws the offspring of Abraham from the ends of the earth into the life shared by Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
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