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Scripture: Galatians 5
Scripture: Galatians 5:1-15
A. Christ accomplishes freedom
B. God calls to freedom
A. The danger of other doctrines
B. The outcome of other doctrines
A. In hopeful waiting — Galatians 5:5
B. In loving action — Galatians 5:13-15
Scripture: 2 Samuel 10
Scripture: 2 Samuel 10
A. David seeks to honor the covenant loyalty (hesed) his family received from Nahash, king of the Ammonites, by sending servants to console Nahash's son Hanun (2 Samuel 10:1-2)
B. Hanun's princes advise him to distrust David, and Hanun shames David's servants by shaving their beards and cutting their garments — an act tantamount to a declaration of war (2 Samuel 10:3-5)
C. A parallel exists with Rehoboam in 1 Kings 12: listening to foolish counsel rather than following David's example of covenant kindness leads to destruction
D. The Hebrew word hesed (covenant loyalty/kindness) appears twice in verse 2, linking this passage to David's kindness toward Mephibosheth in the previous chapter
A. Hanun, knowing he has committed an act of war, musters a massive coalition force — Ammonites joined by the Syrians of Beth-rehob, Zobah, Maacah, and Tob — against Israel (2 Samuel 10:6-8)
B. Joab finds himself boxed in front and rear and divides forces with his brother Abishai (2 Samuel 10:9-10)
C. Joab's words of faith are the heart of this section: "Be of good courage…and may the Lord do what seems good to him" (2 Samuel 10:12)
D. Contrast with a deficient faith that is actually faith in self or in favorable circumstances
E. Illustration: The Moon Is Always Round by Jonathan Gibson — behind the dark clouds of circumstance, God remains always good
A. The Syrians are routed by David; their commander Shobach is killed; the servants of Hadadezer make peace with Israel and become subject to David (2 Samuel 10:15-19)
B. The question is raised: why does the author focus on the Ammonites in chapter 10 when chapter 8 already summarizes David's broader conquests?
C. Chapters 6–10 of 2 Samuel present David at his greatest — but chapter 11 exposes that even the most righteous earthly king remains a sinner
D. The kingdom of God therefore needs a king who is distinctly sinless
Scripture: Galatians 4:21-31
Scripture: Galatians 4:21-31
A. Paul uses Abraham's two sons as an allegorical illustration of two kinds of offspring
B. The people of God have always been a people born by the Spirit, not by the flesh
C. Paul rebukes those desiring to be under the law: are you not reading your own scriptures? (Galatians 4:21)
D. To live by the Spirit is to live in constant dependence and helplessness before God, trusting him alone
E. Every religious system outside of Scripture ultimately redirects trust back to human effort
F. The Canon of Scripture is thoroughly Christ-centered from beginning to end
A. Paul sets forth two covenants and two Jerusalems (Galatians 4:24-26)
B. Paul quotes Isaiah 54:1 — the restoration of Zion fulfilled in redemption and citizenship in heavenly Zion
C. True freedom is found where Christ is seated — Colossians 3:1-2
D. Herman Ridderbos: God's word of power to barren Sarah, the promise to Israel in captivity, and the preaching of the gospel are united — all share the common element of the Divine word giving life, freedom, and redemption; all find their home in Christ
E. The earthly types and shadows of the old covenant were always meant to point to the heavenly reality
F. The veil that blinds to heavenly Jerusalem is removed only in Christ — 2 Corinthians 3:15-17
A. Just as Ishmael persecuted Isaac, those born of the flesh persecute those born of the Spirit — Galatians 4:28-29
B. The persecution Paul has in view here is not Roman imperial persecution, but a more crafty and insidious persecution from within the covenant community
C. This persecution can be summarized as the enslaving of the conscience by anything outside of the gospel of Christ
D. Examples of false litmus tests that persecute the freedom of believers
E. Charles Hodge refused to bring politics into the pulpit, recognizing the insidious nature of this persecution; the best of the Reformed churches have followed suit
F. The church is to be a consistent place where Christ and Christ alone is magnified and exalted, in every era of redemptive history, regardless of surrounding culture
Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:24-??
Scripture: 2 Samuel 8:1-18
A. Chapter 8 records not merely the defeat but the subjugation of Israel's enemies
B. The nations listed in verse 12 carry deep significance, going back to Israel's origin stories
C. This subjugation publicly demonstrates that God's Abrahamic Covenant promises are coming to fruition through the conquering Davidic King — nations serve the anointed one, they "kiss the Son" (Psalm 2)
D. The New Covenant fulfillment: Christ's resurrection is the public declaration that he is the conquering King over heaven and earth (Acts 17:30-31)
A. David's campaign against Hadadezer of Zobah extends from the far north to the far south in Edom, showing David rules over all Israel (2 Samuel 8:3-8)
B. David hamstrings the chariot horses, keeping only enough for 100 chariots
C. David administered justice and equity to all his people (2 Samuel 8:15)
D. New Covenant fulfillment: impartiality and equality before God is a major theme of the New Testament
A. David's administration of justice and equity is tied to the organized offices he establishes (2 Samuel 8:16-18)
B. This organized structure answers the dilemma of the book of Judges
C. New Covenant fulfillment: Christ, enthroned in heaven, pours out his Spirit and organizes his church
D. Application: Christians are not called to live as individuals on an island (the way of Judges) but to submit to the organized governing structure Christ has established in his church
Scripture: Galatians 4:8-20
Scripture: Galatians 4:8-20
A. The Galatians' former condition: enslaved to false gods
B. The significance of being known by God
C. The tragedy of turning back to weak and worthless elementary principles
D. We can make the same error with good things today
E. The tragedy of fractured relationships caused by turning back (Galatians 4:13-18)
A. Paul's pastoral goal mirrors what he states in Colossians 1: toiling and struggling with all Christ's energy to present every believer mature in Christ
B. The Galatians' lost blessedness (Galatians 4:15)
C. The central remedy: Christ himself formed in the believer (Galatians 4:19)
D. The goal is full formation, not partial
Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:18-29
Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:18-29
A. Yahweh is a speaking God whose words are saturated with grace
B. David addresses God as Adonai Yahweh (Lord God) eight times — unique in 2 Samuel
C. God's gracious word flows from the heart of God, not the heart of man
A. Israel is unique only because of what God has graciously done for them (2 Samuel 7:23-24)
B. Through Israel, God made himself a name spread among the nations
C. God's redemptive grace toward Israel is Torah (instruction) for all mankind (2 Samuel 7:19)
A. David's bold petition models how God's people are to pray (2 Samuel 7:25-29)
B. David's courage to pray boldly is grounded in God's revelation of his covenant promise (2 Samuel 7:27)
C. God's revelation is not a random word cast into the atmosphere — it is a personal, covenantal word
Scripture: Galatians 4:1-7
Scripture: Galatians 4:1-7
A. Paul likens the people of God before Christ's coming to a child-heir placed under guardians and managers, treated as a slave until the time appointed by the father.
B. Both Jews and Gentiles are described as enslaved to the "elementary principles of the world" before the fullness of time.
C. Warning against Pharisaism within conservative Christianity.
A. "God sent forth his Son" — language indicating the pre-existence of the Son, sent from heaven, born of a woman.
B. Christ was "born under the law to redeem those who were under the law."
C. Christ's active and passive obedience.
D. The fullness of time (plēroma) — the moment appointed by God before the foundation of the world.
A. The Spirit does not make us sons; rather, because we are sons, God sends the Spirit of his Son into our hearts.
B. Adoption as sons was purposed before the foundation of the world (Ephesians 1:3-4).
C. The Spirit cries "Abba, Father" within us.
Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:1-17
Scripture: 2 Samuel 7:1–17
A. David desires to build the Lord a house (temple) in Jerusalem
B. God responds with a wordplay on "house" — He will build David a house (dynasty), not the other way around
C. The New Testament applies temple/house language to the church
D. God's chief concern is not brick and mortar but a people — those who trust in Christ are heirs of these Davidic Covenant promises
A. God, not David, is the active agent throughout the passage
B. God's covenant is unlike ancient Near Eastern royal custom
C. God's tabernacling with his people is an act of pure grace
D. The reward Christ gains from his gracious condescension is his people — his bride, his treasure, his possession
A. God declares a unique father-son relationship with David's offspring (2 Samuel 7:14)
B. God outdoes David's ambition — rather than mere unity of place (a shared capital city), God promises unity through a father-son relationship
C. Penultimate fulfillment in Solomon
D. Ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ
E. Believers share in the Son's royal sonship
Scripture: Matthew 24
Scripture: Matthew 24:36-51
A. Jesus answers the disciples' question — what will be the sign of his coming and the end of the age — with a striking admission: no one knows the day or the hour
B. The main point of the discourse: Jesus is coming back, and his disciples must be ready
A. Jesus illustrates his instruction with the history of the flood (Matthew 24:37-39; cf. Genesis 6)
B. As it was in Noah's day, so will be the coming of the Son of Man
C. The distinction of the taken and the left (Matthew 24:40-41)
A. Jesus commands his disciples to stay awake and keep watch (Matthew 24:42)
B. The root sin of the wicked servant is unbelief that his master would return (Matthew 24:48-51)
A. The faithful and wise servant is found doing precisely what his master commissioned him to do (Matthew 24:45-47)
B. The calling of every Christian is to persevere in faith with hopeful expectation
C. Application for the New Year
Scripture: Luke 2:13-14
A. The angelic multitude singing praises at the announcement of Christ's birth is a unique occasion in Scripture
B. The angels' song at Christ's birth mirrors their song at the original creation
A. Psalm 8 declares that God made man "a little lower than the heavenly beings"
B. The writer of Hebrews applies this psalm to Jesus with a significant change
C. It is Christ's condescension — not his exaltation — that causes the angels to sing
D. Ezekiel Hopkins: the manger and the cross were not places of glorious appearance to carnal reason, yet they display a greater glory than all the armies of heaven standing ready to do God's will
E. The Apostle Paul calls the Incarnation the mystery of godliness — an event neither man nor angels could have predicted
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