物主代词

I have a red car. It is mine.(mine = my car.)
我有一辆红色的车。它是我的（车）。

物主形容词 — 物主代词
my — mine
your — yours
his — his
her — hers
our — ours
their — theirs

Your house is small. 你的房子很小。
我的房子比你的大。—>
My house is bigger than yours. (yours = your house)

His car is big. 他的车很大。
但我的车比他的更大。—>
But my car is bigger than his. (his = his car)

I like her car. 我喜欢她的车。
我喜欢她的。—> 
I like hers.

This is our car. 这是我们的车。 
这是我们的。—> 
This is ours. 

This isn't our car. 这不是我们的车。
是他们的。—>
It's theirs. (theirs = their car)

物主形容词（形容词性物主代词）

I — my

you — your

he — his

she — her

it — its

we — our

they — their

I have a car. My car is red.

我有一辆车。我的车是红色的。

You have a house. Your house is beautiful.

你有个房子。你的房子很漂亮。

He is married. His wife's name is Carol.

他已经结婚了。他的妻子叫卡罗尔。

married 已婚的

She is married. Her husband is a chef.

她结婚了。她的丈夫是一名厨师。

It is a small company. Its profits are small.

这是一家小公司。它的利润很小。

profit(s) 利润，盈利

We have one child. Our family is small.

我们有一个孩子。我们的家庭很小（人很少）。

They have a pet dog. Their dog is a corgi.

他们有一只宠物狗。他们的狗是柯基。

corgi 柯基（犬）

主语代词 - 宾语代词（宾格）
I — me
you — you
he — him
she — her
it — it
we — us
they — them

代词出现在介词后面也用宾格的形式。

I'm going to the cinema tonight. Come with me.

我今晚要去看电影。和我一起来吧。

A: Do you want to see the new film? 

B: Yes, I'll go to the cinema with you.

A: 你想看新（上映的）电影吗？   

B: 好，我和你一起去看电影。

He helps me with English. I get help from him.

他帮我学英语。我从他那里得到帮助。

help...with... 帮助…（做）…

I want to buy a present for Diana. 

I want to buy a present for her.

我想给戴安娜买个礼物。

我想给她买个礼物。

We have two children. They live with us.

我们有两个孩子。他们和我们住在一起。

I don't want to speak to David and Robert. 

I don't want to speak to them.

我不想和大卫和罗伯特说话。

我不想和他们说话。

speak to... 和……说话

主语代词 — 宾语代词（宾格）
I — me
you — you
he — him
she — her
it — it
we — us
they — them

I love Oscar, and he loves me.
我爱奥斯卡，他也爱我。

You and I are neighbours. I know you.
你（们）和我是邻居。我认识你（们）。
neighbour(s) 邻居

He is my friend. I like him.
他是我的朋友。我喜欢他。

She studies English. I teach her.
她学习英语。我教她。

I like reading. I like it.
我喜欢读书。我喜欢这个事。

He helps Sandra and me. He helps us.
他帮助桑德拉和我。他帮助我们。

They are students. I teach them.
他们是学生。我教他们。

代词 pronoun(s)（noun 名词） 
代词代替的都是名词，代替主语或宾语。

Nick is a doctor. He is a doctor. (He = Nick)

Sandra is a lawyer. She is a lawyer. (She = Sandra)

主语代词

I

you

he

she

it

we

they

Nick is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

尼克是医生，他在医院工作。

Sandra is a lawyer. She loves her job.

桑德拉是律师，她热爱她的工作。

John and Susan live in New York. They have a house in Queens.

约翰和苏珊住在纽约，他们在皇后区有个房子。

there is / there are

我们常用 there be 表示某人某物的存在。

单数用 there is （日常口语there's)

复数用 there are

There is a book on your desk. 

你的桌子上有一本书。

[非正式口语] There's a book on your desk. 

There are three books on your desk. 

你的桌子上有三本书。

There are some people in the shop.

商店里有一些人。

There is a new cafe next to the school.

学校旁边新开了一家咖啡馆。

chance 机会，可能性

There is/There's no chance. 

没有可能。没有机会。

There is/There's no chance he will change his mind.

他不可能改变主意。

过去时

单数 there was

复数 there were

There was a book on your desk.

[过去的某个时间点] 你的桌子上有一本书。

练习一下~

be动词 + 名词 the winner 冠军，优胜者，赢家

I am the winner.

You are the winner(s).

He / She is the winner.

We are the winners.

They are the winners.

I am not the winner.(I'm not the winner.) 

You are not the winner(s).(You aren't the winner(s).) 

He is not the winner.(He isn't the winner.)

She is not the winner.(She isn't the winner.)

We are not the winners. (We aren't the winners.)

They are not the winners.(They aren't the winners.)

Am I the winner?

Are you the winner(s)?

Is he / she the winner?

Are we the winners?

Are they the winners?

(to) be 的过去时

I was (I wasn't)

You were (You weren't)

He was (He wasn't)

She was (She wasn't)

It was (It wasn't)

We were (We weren't)

They were (They weren't)

Was I …? 

Were you …? 

Was he …?

Was she …?

Was it …?

Were we …?

Were they …?

这节课开始我们来学 grammar 语法，是 the basic grammar（基础的语法），请大家酌情学习~

(to) be 动词

I am
You are
He / She / It is  (*it可以指动物、植物、各种物体、天气等等)
We are
They are

注意：you 可以是一个人“你”，也可以是多个人“你们”；可以是“你”，也可以是“您”。

否定（Negative）
I am not (I'm not)
You are not (You aren't)
He is not (He isn't)
She is not (She isn't)
It is not (It isn't)
We are not (We aren't)
They are not (They aren't)

问句（Question form）
Am I …?
Are you …?
Is he / she / it …?
Are we …?
Are they …?

简短回答 （Short answers）
Yes, I am / No I'm not
Yes, you are / No you aren't
Yes, he, she, it is / No he, she, it isn't
Yes, we are / No we aren't
Yes, they are / No they aren't

此部分资料来源：

english-at-home.com/grammar

dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar

www.merriam-webster.com

www.collinsdictionary.com

weather 天气
hot 热的
cold 冷的
warm 温暖的，暖和的
rain 雨，雨水
snow 雪，积雪，一场雪
storm 暴风雨，暴风雪
wind 风，气流
cloud 云
fog 雾
sun 太阳
wet 潮湿的
dry 干燥的

① Water from the sky!
② White or grey shapes in the sky.
③ Moving air. It makes trees and things move.
④ When the temperature is low, it is ...
⑤ If there is no rain, the ground is ...

① 
Water from the sky!
来自天上的水！
答案：rain

② 
White or grey shapes in the sky.
天空中的白色或灰色形状。
shape(s) 形状，形态
答案：cloud

③ 
Moving air. It makes trees and things move.
流动的空气。它让树木和东西移动。
moving 形容词，活动的，流动的（只做定语）
move 动词，移动
答案：wind

④ 
When the temperature is low, it is ...
当温度低时，它...
temperature 温度，体温
答案：cold

⑤ 
If there is no rain, the ground is ...
如果没有下雨，地面...
the ground 地面（floor 房间的地面）
答案：dry

weather
天气，气象

hot 热的，温度高的
cold 冷的，寒冷的，温度低的
warm 温暖的，暖和的

rain 雨，雨水（the rains 雨季，heavy rain 倾盆大雨，light rain 毛毛小雨）
snow 雪，积雪[不可数]；一场雪[可数]
storm 暴风雨，暴风雪（ice storm 冰雹）

wind 风，气流
cloud 云（be on cloud nine 俚语，高兴极了）
fog 雾
sun 太阳

wet 湿的，潮湿的，多雨的，下雨的
dry 干的，干燥的