Odie的英语课

现在进行时和一般现在时的区别

在英语语法中，使用一般时（一般现在时或一般过去时）表示总是正确的、永久的情况；

使用正在进行时（现在进行时或过去进行时）表示暂时的（temporary）、变化（change）的情况。

I live in France. 

我住在法国。（一般现在时：这是我永久的家）

I'm staying in a small hotel during the conference.

会议期间我住在一家小宾馆。（现在进行时：这是一个临时的住处）

conference 会议

People live a long time in Japan. 

在日本人们寿命很长。（一般现在时：真实情况/事实。）

People are living longer.

人们的寿命越来越长。（现在进行时：一种正在发生的变化/趋势。）

当看到如 at the moment（现在，目前，此刻），this week（本周），these days（这些天，近来）使用现在进行时。

当看到如 always（永远），never（绝不），from time to time（有时候，时不时），使用一般现在时。

Her mother's living with her at the moment.

她妈妈现在和她住在一起。

She's working a lot in London at the moment.

她目前常在伦敦工作。

I'm not drinking much coffee these days.

这些天我不怎么喝咖啡。

He always eats fish and chips on Fridays.

他总是在星期五吃炸鱼薯条。

fish and chips 炸鱼薯条

They never watch TV after dinner.

他们晚饭后从不看电视。

She goes to London on business trips from time to time.

她时不时去伦敦出差。

business trip(s) 出差

*拓展：always “总是，老是”，不仅可以用于一般现在时，也可以用于现在进行时，不过，用于现在进行时通常表示说话人不希望、不想要、烦人的状况。

You're always complaining.

你老是抱怨。

complain 动词，抱怨，发牢骚

当某件事已经决定了，通常是我们制定了计划，做出了安排，会使用现在进行时表示将来的事。

I am taking the train to Paris tomorrow.

明天我要坐火车去巴黎。

We're moving to Cambridge in July.

我们将于七月搬到剑桥。

Cambridge 地名，剑桥

[我喜欢的乐队明年的巡演计划]

The band is visiting Denmark next May.

乐队将于明年五月访问丹麦。

band 乐队

Denmark 丹麦

Aren't you playing tennis on Saturday?

你星期六不打网球吗？

注意：不使用现在进行时预测将来发生的某事，而是使用 be going to 或 will（第894课讲过will）。比如：

很快又要下雨。

soon 很快，马上，即刻

again 又，再次

It's going to rain again soon.

X不说 It's raining again soon.X

变化（change）, 趋势（trends）也会使用现在进行时。

People are living longer.
人们的寿命越来越长。
live 活着，生存

It's getting more expensive to go to university.
上大学越来越贵了。
get 变成，变得

Recent evidence suggests that the economic situation is improving.
最近的证据表明，经济形势正在改善。
recent evidence 最近的证据
recent 最近的，近来的
evidence 证据，证明
suggest 动词，表明，意味着
the economic situation 经济形势
economic 经济的，经济上的
situation 形势，情况
improve 改善，改进

temporary
暂时的，临时的，短暂的

Oscar is working at the supermarket this summer. 

表示奥斯卡在超市工作可能是暂时的，不是永久的。他可能只是在超市夏天工作几个月（only for a few months this summer）。

I'm not drinking much coffee these days. I'm trying to cut down.
这些天我不怎么喝咖啡。我正在减（喝咖啡的）量。
these days 这些天，近来
cut down 减少，缩减，削减

Her mother's living with her at the moment. She's just come out of hospital.
她妈妈现在和她住在一起。她刚刚出院。（她妈妈平时不和她一起生活。）
at the moment 现在，目前
She's just come out... = She has just come out... 

She's working a lot in London at the moment.
她目前常在伦敦工作。（她通常不在伦敦工作。）

什么情况下使用现在进行时？

现在/说话时正在进行的事情

I'm cooking now.
我现在在做饭。（此时此刻）

The people next door are shouting. 
隔壁的人在喊叫。
shout 大声喊叫，大声说话，大吼大叫

Shhh. Mike's talking on the phone. 
嘘，迈克在打电话。

Oscar's working at the supermarket this summer. 
奥斯卡今年夏天在超市工作。

Our football team is doing really well this season. 
我们的足球队这个赛季表现很好。
season 赛季

动词的ing形式（也叫动名词形式，现在分词形式）的拼写规则（spelling rules）

多数动词直接加-ing
be - being
eat - eating
cry - crying 
play - playing
do - doing
go - going
order - ordering 点菜，订购，命令，指示
fix - fixing 修理，安装，使…固定

-e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing
come - coming
make - making
move - moving
write - writing
face - facing 面对，面向
love - loving

-ee，-ye，-oe结尾的动词，不去掉e，直接加-ing
see - seeing
agree - agreeing 赞同，一致同意
dye - dyeing 给…染色 (比较：die - dying) 

-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变成-y，再加-ing
die - dying 死，去世（比较：dye - dyeing）
lie - lying 躺，平躺，位于，说谎
tie - tying 系，捆，扎，打结

一个元音加一个辅音结尾的动词，双写最后的辅音，再加-ing
run - running
sit - sitting
dig - digging 挖，挖掘
tap - tapping 轻敲，轻拍，轻触（比较：tape - taping 用胶布固定，用胶布封，用带子捆）
注意！[多音节的情况] 重音在最后面，要双写最后的辅音，再加-ing
prefer - preferring 更喜欢
如果重音不在最后部分，就不双写最后的辅音，直接加-ing
remember - remembering 记得，记住 [重音在中间-mem-]
cover - covering 覆盖，遮住 [重音在前面co-]
visit - visiting 参观，游览，拜访，做客 [重音在前面vi-]

-l结尾的动词，英国英语双写l，再加-ing，美国英语不双写，直接加-ing
travel - travelling[英] / traveling[美] 旅行
control - controlling[英] / controling[美] 控制，管制

present continuous tense 现在进行时

present tense 现在时（态）

continuous 形容词，持续的，连续的，不断的

continue 动词，持续，继续

be动词（am，are，is）+ 动词-ing

肯定句

I am working.

You are working.

He / She / It is working.

We are working.

They are working.

日常尤其是口语，常使用缩略形式：

I'm working.

You're working.

He's working / She's / It's working.

We're working.

They're working.

否定句

I am not / I'm not working.

You are not / You aren't working.

He/She/It is not / He/She/It isn't working.

We are not / We aren't working.

They are not / They aren't working.

疑问句

Am I working?

Are you working?

Is he / Is she / Is it working?

Are we working?

Are they working?

简短回答

Yes I am. / No I'm not.

Yes you are. / No you aren't.

Yes he/she/it is. / No he/she/it isn't.

Yes we are. / No we aren't.

Yes they are. / No they aren't.

ought to

应该，应当

Ought to 和 should 意思非常相近，ought to 比 should 更加正式，should 更常用。

Ought 没有任何变形：

I ought to phone my parents.

我应该给我父母打电话。

He ought to phone his parents.

他应该给他父母打电话。

We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day.

我们应该每天吃很多水果和蔬菜。

否定形式是 ought not to / oughtn't to，但是 ought to 的否定形式不常用，通常还是用 shouldn't / should not。

比如，你不应该那样跟你父亲说话。

You shouldn't speak to your father like that.

比说 You oughtn't to speak....要更好。

疑问句把 ought 放到主语前面：

Ought she to call the police?

她应该报警吗？

同样，ought to 的疑问句非常正式，所以不常用，通常还是用 should。

关于obligation（有必要做某事），我们学了很多表达，不用都记住，最主要知道 must（主观的必须）和 have to（客观的必须），以及相应的否定形式。

should
应该，应当

You should study hard so you can pass the exam.
你应该努力学习以便通过考试。

He should see a doctor.
他应该去看医生。

Should 的疑问句就放到主语前面
A: Should I apologize to him?
B: Yes, I think you should.
A: 我应该向他道歉吗？
B: 是的，我想你应该道歉。
apologize 道歉，认错

否定形式是 shouldn't 不应该……

You shouldn't smoke. It's bad for your health.

你不应该抽烟。这对你的健康有害。

be allowed to
允许，准许
allow 动词，允许，准许

We're allowed to take an hour for lunch.
我们可以花一个小时吃午饭。

We aren't allowed to leave early.
我们不允许提前离开。

You're not allowed to talk during the exam.
考试期间不许交谈。
during the exam 在考试期间

Are you allowed to leave early?
你们可以提前离开吗？
- We aren't allowed to leave early.
- We're allowed to leave early.

You're allowed to eat as much fruit as you like.
你可以想吃多少水果就吃多少水果。
eat as much fruit as you like （你）想吃多少水果就吃多少水果
as you like 随你喜欢，如你所愿
as much as you like* 像你喜欢/想要的那么多—>你喜欢/想要多少都可以
as much fruit as you like 像你喜欢/想要的水果那么多—>你喜欢/想要多少水果都可以

* as much as you like 像你喜欢/想要/希望的那么多
Eat as much as you like. 你想吃多少就吃多少。
Take as much as you like. 你想拿多少就拿多少。
Take as much fruit as you like. 想拿多少水果就拿多少。
Take as much time as you like. 想花多少时间就花多少时间。