Scientists have documented five cases, worldwide, of people being cured of HIV through stem cell transplants. But researchers aren't entirely clear on how the method works. New research from Oregon Health & Science University is helping to explain the mechanics behind the potential cure.

A nonhuman primate study recently found that transplanted stem cells help kill HIV-infected cells by recognizing them as foreign invaders, much like they do for certain types of cancer. Researchers also found that HIV leaves the body in a series of stages, which could explain why some patients appear to be cured, but then experience a recurrence. OHSU professor Jonah Sacha led the study and joins us with more details on what the findings could mean for human patients.