Arguably the most recognised, respected and awarded road and transport engineer in Australia, Dr. Max Lay, has written another book: “The Harnessing of Power: How the 19thCentury Transport Innovators Transformed the way the world Operates”.
Why write the book?
At the end of the 20th century Max was asked to write a presentation for an international roads conference in Paris on “Roads in the 20th century”. In the hotel before the talk, he thought about how he should introduce his presentation because the big break throughs for many things to do with transport, happened in the 19th century. The 20th century was more a time where these inventions flourished to their full extent.
I asked Max if this was a “Road to Damascus” experience, an epiphany but he said he didn’t meet St Paul or anyone else!
What does an engineer bring to history? Max believes that you don’t understand something unless you know the history.
He said that he did not write this book as a historian with a background in economics, social sciences or politics,but wrote it as an engineer. For him, an engineer brings to the debatean understanding of the cause and effect of a situation with humans as part ofthe process. The engineer, however, particularly looks at the physical things that made something possible.
Not even the inventors understood what impact their inventions would have.
The incredible thing that Max discovered while writing the book was how little the inventors realised just what their inventions would lead to and how they would be used.
Max noted that Karl Benz didn’t think that people should drive cars more than 20 mph and he didn’t think anyone would be killed by a car because they would never travel fast enough. Gottlieb Daimler thought that engines were better for boats and aeroplanes but he originally built the few cars to keep the business going.
How the watch helped transport
One of the examples of the technology that was behind the ultimate inventions of thecar andthe train was the watch. A couple of hundred years before these vehicles came into being,people had invented incredible mechanisms with cogs and things whizzing around faster than the eye can see. Much of this technology hadmade it possible to produce the valves on steam engines and many people who had worked with watches (such as Carl Benz) transplanted it 100 times bigger into vehicles.
Transport and watches work together to establish the concept of a universal time. It the past time was recognised on the circumstances of every particular location. The stagecoach’s arrival was not timed to the minute. But with trains travelling at a much faster pace there was a need for a schedule across many regions. It was around this time that the concept of Greenwich Mean Time was established.
It didn’t all happen instantaneously. Developments were not always instantaneous and were not always achieved uniformly across the world. Max’s book went way back in history to look at some of our earlier freight vehicles.
Oxen were used before horses under a simple engineering principle of a better power-to-weight ratio but another great advantage was that they had broad shoulders on which it was easy to fita harness. Harnessing a horse was harder. The Celts had mastered the effective use of horses before Roman times but in some European communities did not manage to develop a way to easily ride and control horses until the 1700s.
Effective use of iron also changed our use of horses significantly. With the ability to manufacture stirrups for horses they then became much more effective in battle because the rider then needed only one hand to control horse and so could hold a weapon in the other.