In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Cholesteatoma, an abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear or mastoid that can lead to chronic infection and bone erosion. You’ll learn to recognize warning signs like painless otorrhea, hearing loss, and retraction pockets, and understand the importance of otoscopic evaluation, imaging, and surgical referral to prevent complications such as ossicular destruction or facial nerve involvement.
#Cholesteatoma #ChronicEarDisease #HearingLoss #ENTreferral #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, explores Otitis Media with Effusion (OME), a non-infectious fluid buildup in the middle ear that commonly follows acute otitis media. You’ll learn how to distinguish OME from active infection, recognize signs like hearing loss or ear fullness without fever or pain, and understand management—including observation, hearing evaluation, and referral for tympanostomy in chronic cases.
#OtitisMediaWithEffusion #OME #MiddleEarFluid #Pediatrics #HearingLoss #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Acute Otitis Media, a common middle ear infection seen primarily in pediatric patients. You’ll learn to recognize clinical features such as otalgia, fever, and a bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane, and understand when antibiotics are indicated versus when watchful waiting is appropriate. We’ll also touch on common pathogens and prevention strategies.
#AcuteOtitisMedia #EarInfection #Pediatrics #TympanicMembrane #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, dives into Malignant Otitis Externa, a severe, invasive infection of the external auditory canal that can spread to the skull base—most often affecting elderly diabetic or immunocompromised patients. You’ll learn to recognize red flags like severe otalgia, granulation tissue, and cranial nerve involvement, and explore the diagnostic approach and IV antibiotic regimens needed to manage this potentially life-threatening condition.
#MalignantOtitisExterna #SkullBaseOsteomyelitis #ENTemergency #DiabeticComplication #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, covers Otitis Externa, an inflammation of the external auditory canal commonly known as “swimmer’s ear.” You’ll learn to identify hallmark features like tragal tenderness, otorrhea, and canal edema, differentiate bacterial from fungal causes, and review treatment strategies including topical antibiotics, wick placement, and key prevention tips.
#OtitisExterna #SwimmersEar #EarInfections #ENTpearls #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Cerumen Impaction, a common cause of conductive hearing loss and ear discomfort. You’ll learn how to recognize symptoms, differentiate it from more serious causes of ear canal obstruction, and review safe and effective removal techniques—from cerumenolytics to irrigation and manual extraction.
#CerumenImpaction #EarWax #HearingLoss #PrimaryCareENT #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Presbyopia, the age-related loss of near vision caused by decreased lens elasticity. You’ll learn how it presents clinically—often as difficulty reading fine print or needing to hold objects farther away—and explore corrective options including reading glasses, bifocals, and newer surgical approaches.
#Presbyopia #NearVisionLoss #AgingEyes #VisionCorrection #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, explores Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes that can be constant or intermittent, congenital or acquired. You’ll learn how to differentiate between esotropia and exotropia, understand its impact on binocular vision and depth perception, and review the importance of early diagnosis to prevent complications like amblyopia.
#Strabismus #Esotropia #Exotropia #EyeMisalignment #PediatricVision #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, breaks down Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma, an ophthalmic emergency marked by sudden, painful vision loss, headache, and a fixed mid-dilated pupil. You’ll learn how to identify classic symptoms, understand the pathophysiology behind the rapid rise in intraocular pressure, and explore urgent management strategies—from topical agents to laser peripheral iridotomy.
#AngleClosureGlaucoma #OphthalmicEmergency #SuddenVisionLoss #IOPcrisis #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Open-Angle Glaucoma, the most common type of glaucoma and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. You’ll learn how this silent, progressive optic neuropathy leads to peripheral vision loss, the importance of regular intraocular pressure screening, and first-line treatment options like prostaglandin analogs to slow disease progression.
#OpenAngleGlaucoma #SilentVisionLoss #OpticNeuropathy #IOPscreening #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101