In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, covers Amblyopia, often referred to as “lazy eye”—a neurodevelopmental disorder where vision fails to develop properly in one or both eyes during early childhood. You’ll learn about the most common causes, including strabismus, refractive errors, and visual deprivation, and understand why early detection and intervention are critical for preserving visual potential.
#Amblyopia #LazyEye #PediatricVision #EarlyIntervention #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Amaurosis Fugax, a transient monocular vision loss often described by patients as a “curtain coming down” over the eye. You’ll learn about its underlying vascular causes—most commonly embolic from carotid artery disease—and how it serves as a warning sign for possible stroke. We also review key history questions, diagnostic workup, and the importance of urgent referral.
#AmaurosisFugax #TransientVisionLoss #CarotidStenosis #StrokeWarning #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO), a common retinal vascular disorder that presents with sudden, painless vision loss—often described as “blood and thunder” on fundoscopic exam. You’ll learn about key risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, the difference between ischemic and non-ischemic CRVO, and current management strategies including anti-VEGF therapy and monitoring for neovascular complications.
#CRVO #RetinalVeinOcclusion #BloodAndThunder #VisionLoss #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, breaks down Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), often described as a “stroke of the eye.” You’ll learn to recognize its sudden, painless monocular vision loss, understand the significance of a cherry-red spot on fundoscopy, and explore the vascular and embolic causes that require urgent evaluation. Rapid identification and referral can help preserve what little vision may remain.
#CRAO #RetinalArteryOcclusion #VisionLoss #CherryRedSpot #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Retinopathy, a broad term describing retinal damage often caused by systemic diseases like diabetes or hypertension. You’ll learn how to identify hallmark findings such as microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, and neovascularization, and understand the pathophysiology behind diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. We also cover screening recommendations and referral criteria for ophthalmologic management.
#Retinopathy #DiabeticEyeDisease #HypertensiveRetinopathy #FundoscopicFindings #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, explores Retinal Detachment, an ophthalmologic emergency where the neurosensory retina separates from the underlying epithelium. You’ll learn to recognize classic symptoms like sudden flashes, floaters, and a “curtain” over the visual field. We’ll also discuss risk factors, key exam findings, and the urgency of ophthalmology referral to preserve vision.
#RetinalDetachment #VisionEmergency #FloatersAndFlashes #OphthalmologyReferral #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, covers Macular Degeneration, a leading cause of central vision loss in older adults. You’ll learn to distinguish between dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular) forms, identify hallmark findings such as drusen and subretinal fluid, and review current strategies for monitoring, prevention, and treatment—including the role of AREDS supplements and anti-VEGF therapy.
#MacularDegeneration #CentralVisionLoss #AREDS #AntiVEGF #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Periorbital Cellulitis, an infection of the eyelid and soft tissues anterior to the orbital septum. You’ll learn how to differentiate it from orbital cellulitis, recognize common signs like eyelid erythema and swelling without vision changes or extraocular movement restriction, and identify when oral antibiotics are appropriate versus when imaging is warranted to rule out deeper involvement.
#PeriorbitalCellulitis #PreseptalCellulitis #OrbitalVsPreseptal #EyeInfections #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Orbital Cellulitis, a potentially sight- and life-threatening infection involving the tissues posterior to the orbital septum. You’ll learn to distinguish it from preseptal cellulitis, recognize red-flag symptoms like ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and vision changes, and understand the importance of urgent imaging and IV antibiotics. Timely diagnosis and ENT/Ophthalmology consultation are key.
#OrbitalCellulitis #OphthalmicEmergencies #PreseptalVsOrbital #VisionThreatening #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, covers Papilledema, a bilateral swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure. You’ll learn how to distinguish true papilledema from pseudopapilledema, identify key warning signs such as transient visual obscurations and blurred disc margins, and understand the importance of neuroimaging before lumbar puncture. Early recognition is crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
#Papilledema #IncreasedICP #OpticDiscSwelling #NeuroOphthalmology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101