Pro-PA Podcast

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Periorbital Cellulitis, an infection of the eyelid and soft tissues anterior to the orbital septum. You’ll learn how to differentiate it from orbital cellulitis, recognize common signs like eyelid erythema and swelling without vision changes or extraocular movement restriction, and identify when oral antibiotics are appropriate versus when imaging is warranted to rule out deeper involvement.
#PeriorbitalCellulitis #PreseptalCellulitis #OrbitalVsPreseptal #EyeInfections #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Orbital Cellulitis, a potentially sight- and life-threatening infection involving the tissues posterior to the orbital septum. You’ll learn to distinguish it from preseptal cellulitis, recognize red-flag symptoms like ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and vision changes, and understand the importance of urgent imaging and IV antibiotics. Timely diagnosis and ENT/Ophthalmology consultation are key.
#OrbitalCellulitis #OphthalmicEmergencies #PreseptalVsOrbital #VisionThreatening #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, covers Papilledema, a bilateral swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure. You’ll learn how to distinguish true papilledema from pseudopapilledema, identify key warning signs such as transient visual obscurations and blurred disc margins, and understand the importance of neuroimaging before lumbar puncture. Early recognition is crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
#Papilledema #IncreasedICP #OpticDiscSwelling #NeuroOphthalmology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Optic Neuritis, an acute inflammatory condition of the optic nerve often associated with multiple sclerosis. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark signs like unilateral vision loss, pain with eye movement, and an afferent pupillary defect. We’ll also cover the diagnostic approach—including the role of MRI—and discuss treatment considerations, including the use of high-dose corticosteroids and referral to neurology.
#OpticNeuritis #VisionLoss #MultipleSclerosis #NeuroOphthalmology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, explores Nystagmus, a rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyes that can be congenital or acquired. You’ll learn how to differentiate between pendular and jerk nystagmus, recognize patterns that suggest central versus peripheral causes, and understand how underlying etiologies—such as vestibular disorders, multiple sclerosis, or drug toxicity—can affect management. We also review diagnostic evaluation and when urgent neuroimaging is warranted.

#Nystagmus #EyeMovements #NeuroOphthalmology #VestibularDisorders #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, dives into Entropion, a condition where the eyelid—typically the lower lid—rolls inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea. We’ll discuss the underlying causes such as age-related degeneration, scarring, or spasm of the orbicularis muscle. You’ll learn to recognize key symptoms like foreign body sensation, eye redness, tearing, and photophobia, as well as potential complications like corneal abrasion or ulceration. Management ranges from lubricating drops to surgical repair for definitive treatment.

#Entropion #EyelidDisorders #CornealAbrasion #Ophthalmology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, explains Ectropion, an eyelid disorder where the lower lid turns outward, exposing the conjunctiva. We review the causes—ranging from age-related tissue laxity to facial nerve palsy and post-trauma changes—and walk through the classic signs and symptoms like excessive tearing, eye irritation, and redness. You’ll learn when conservative management (like lubricants) is appropriate and when surgical correction is indicated. Plus, we'll go over complications if left untreated, including exposure keratitis.

#Ectropion #EyelidDisorders #Ophthalmology #PAstudent #PANCEprep #ProPAPodcast #EENT101

In this EENT101 episode, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales covers the classic Hordeolum—also known as a stye. You’ll learn to identify the hallmark presentation: a painful, red, swollen bump along the eyelid margin. We’ll differentiate between external (gland of Zeis) and internal (meibomian gland) types, discuss common pathogens like Staph aureus, and review evidence-based management including warm compresses, hygiene, and when antibiotics or referral may be necessary.

#Hordeolum #Stye #EyelidInfection #PAstudent #PANCEprep #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales breaks down the essentials of a Chalazion, a painless, chronic granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland. Learn how it differs from a hordeolum (stye), what causes it, and how to manage it conservatively with warm compresses and eyelid hygiene. We’ll also discuss when to refer for incision and curettage or steroid injection—especially if it’s persistent, recurrent, or cosmetically bothersome.

#Chalazion #EyelidLump #MeibomianGland #PANCEprep #PAstudent #EENT101

In this episode of EENT101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales discusses Blepharitis, a common and often chronic eyelid inflammation seen in primary care and ophthalmology settings. Learn how anterior (Staph or seborrheic) and posterior (meibomian gland dysfunction) subtypes present with symptoms like eyelid irritation, crusting, burning, and red eyes. We cover diagnosis based on clinical exam and the importance of lid hygiene, warm compresses, and topical antibiotics for management—plus when to refer to ophthalmology for complications like hordeolum or chalazion.

#Blepharitis #EyelidDisorders #RedEye #PANCEprep #PAstudent #EENT101