Brain imaging using CAT scans (for anatomy) and PET scans (for function).

Chemical stimulation of the brain and various techniques of electrical recording.

An examination of modern therapeutic procedures of stimulating the central nervous system, which often render remarkable results.

Electrical brain stimulation is an attempt to mimic normal brain activity at the tip of inserted electrodes, which enables neuroscientists to examine brain-behavior relationships.

When trying to examine areas inside the brain associated with specific behaviors, lesions and ablations, both destructive in nature, had often been used before technological advances in modern procedures.

Among the older ways of studying brain-behavior relationships is the mapping of the sensory and motor homuncli, which is discussed here along with the remapping of the homunculus resulting in phantom limb sensations.

The spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system (along with the brain) engages in both spinal reflexes and supraspinal activity.

A glimpse at the peripheral subdivision of the the nervous system, including the somatic and autonomic components.

Neuropeptides, which are neurotransmitters composed of chains of amino acids, affect behavior in many ways. Here, we examine neuropeptides such as endorphin, Substance P, and enkephalin.

The mechanisms by which different classes of anti-depressant drugs exert their effects on the brain.