Reinforcement, which is always rewarding and will increase responding, is defined by the presentation or withdrawal of positive or negative reinforcers, which also involves two types of punishment.

Our largest sense organ, the skin; and, the position senses of proprioception and balance.

Hormonal imbalances in premenstrual syndrome as well as the normal menstrual cycle and its effects on cognitive processing.

The intricate interaction of hormones and an organism’s internal and external environment on physiology and behavior, as illustrated by the reproductive behavior of ring doves.

The devastating effects of steroid abuse on behavior and physiology.

Effects of gonadal hormones on behavior and sexual development.

The effects of adrenalin on behavior.

The effects of glucocorticoids and steroids on behavior and sexual differentiation.

Thyroxin is secreted from the thyroid gland, and it plays a major role in metabolism, as discussed here.

The pituitary is the "master" endocrine gland and is controlled by the hypothalamus. One of the pituitary hormones is oxytocin, which has a wide-ranging effect on a variety of behaviors.