In a world increasingly shaped by scientific insight, it’s tempting to think that reality can be fully grasped through equations, models, and measurements. After all, science has given us unprecedented tools to predict, control, and explain much of what surrounds us—from the movement of stars to the behaviour of subatomic particles. But does that mean science tells us everything about what’s real?
A growing conversation—emerging especially within the realm of “metamodern” thought—suggests that the empirical sciences, while powerful, may not be enough. Alongside our capacity to measure the world is our capacity to feel it, to experience it, and to wonder about its meaning. This is the space where mysticism begins—not as superstition, but as the lived, often ineffable side of being that science cannot quite reach.
The Two Languages of Knowing
Science, at its best, is rooted in repeatable observation. It builds models of the world, which help us make predictions. But as philosophers like Alfred North Whitehead argued, science often falls into what he called the “fallacy of misplaced concreteness”—the habit of confusing abstract models for the world itself.
Mysticism, on the other hand, starts with the primacy of lived experience. Rather than reducing the world to mechanisms, it attempts to encounter it directly—as mystery, as relation, as presence. This doesn’t mean mysticism rejects science. Rather, it questions whether science’s language of mechanism and abstraction can account for phenomena like consciousness, time, and meaning—things we know first-hand but struggle to model.
Correspondences and Contrasts
Both empirical science and mysticism begin from curiosity. They ask: What is this world we’re in? Where they differ is in their assumptions and methods.
Science relies on objectivity, detachment, and replication. It often strips away subjective experience to get at what is universally measurable.
Mysticism starts from the opposite direction: it honours the particular, the relational, the immediate. It sees consciousness not as an accidental byproduct of matter, but as a fundamental mode of participation in reality.
Yet, interestingly, both may meet at the edges of current understanding. Quantum physics, for example, has revealed a universe more relational, indeterminate, and subtle than classical models allowed. Meanwhile, mysticism—especially in traditions like Sufism, Kabbalah, or Eastern philosophies—has long spoken in terms of interconnectedness, emergence, and nonduality.
This is not to say that mysticism is “ahead” of science, or vice versa. It is to suggest that each speaks to different dimensions of a shared world.
The Limits of Psychological Universals
We often take for granted that the psychological tools we use to understand the world—attention, categorisation, abstraction—are neutral or universal. But these, too, are shaped by our cultural contexts, our bodily experiences, and even the language we speak.
For example, seeing the world visually, through clear distinctions and defined forms, has long been the favoured metaphor in science. But is that the only, or most “real” way of knowing? What about our visceral feelings—our embodied sense of time, mood, or being? These are not easily generalised. They are situated—experienced by us as specific beings in particular moments. Any account of reality that ignores this subjectivity risks missing something vital.
To meet the complexity of our moment—climate crisis, AI, existential drift—we may need a new kind of understanding: one that honours both the precision of science and the depth of mystical experience. This is not a retreat into irrationalism, but a recognition that depth requires both explanation and interpretation, both measurement and meaning.
Science and mysticism are not rivals. They are the two eyes through which we might begin to see the world whole.