Mayo Clinic researchers have developed a new class of artificial intelligence (AI) called hypothesis-driven AI, which incorporates specific research questions or hypotheses to maximize the utility of data. Unlike traditional AI models, which rely solely on data, this approach uses existing scientific knowledge to enhance knowledge discovery efforts in medicine. Hypothesis-driven AI allows for a more focused approach to answering research questions and yields more interpretable results. In the field of oncology, this new type of AI has the potential to validate hypotheses, surface new insights, and contribute to cancer gene discovery, drug response prediction, and patient stratification. However, it also presents limitations, such as the need for specialized expertise.