Two Onc Docs, hosted by Samantha A. Armstrong, MD, and Karine Tawagi, MD, is a podcast dedicated to providing current and future oncologists and hematologists with the knowledge they need to ace their boards and deliver quality patient care. Dr Armstrong is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis. Dr Tawagi is a hematologist/oncologist and assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois in Chicago.

In this episode, OncLive On Air® partnered with Two Onc Docs to spotlight the most practice-informing data to come out of the 2026 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.

In prostate cancer, the phase 3 PEACE-3 trial (NCT02194842) demonstrated a clear overall survival (OS) benefit with the combination of radium-223 and enzalutamide (Xtandi) compared with enzalutamide alone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The phase 2 BRCAAway trial (NCT03012321) showed that for patients with mCRPC with BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations, combination therapy with olaparib (Lynparza) and abiraterone led to a longer median progression-free survival (PFS) than sequential treatment. Additionally, the POSEIDON meta-analysis indicated that short-term hormone therapy is adequate for most patients with prostate cancer receiving postoperative radiotherapy, as longer durations did not improve OS.

In bladder cancer, the phase 3 KEYNOTE-B15 trial (NCT04700124) showed that neoadjuvant enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev) combined with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) significantly improved OS and event-free survival vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cisplatin-eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, despite notable toxicities like skin and ocular adverse effects. Furthermore, the phase 2 RC48G001 trial (NCT04879329) found that disitamab vedotin (RC48) generated responses in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, including those with HER2-low expression.

Regarding renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the phase 3 LITESPARK-011 trial (NCT04586231) showed a PFS benefit with belzutifan plus lenvatinib vs cabozantinib in the second-line setting. In the adjuvant setting, the phase 3 LITESPARK-022 study (NCT05239728) demonstrated that adding belzutifan (Welireg) to pembrolizumab improved disease-free survival vs placebo plus pembrolizumab in patients with resected clear cell RCC.

Finally, regarding testicular cancer, a phase 2 trial (NCT04876456) of cabozantinib showed meaningful activity in patients with relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors. Drs Armstrong and Tawagi noted that this marks the first nonchemotherapy agent to demonstrate such clinical benefit in this population, providing a new option for patients who have exhausted traditional treatment regimens.