How long was the longest conclave? Was St. Peter actually buried in the Vatican? Has the papacy always been in Rome?

In this interview, we discuss the following:

►secret excavations in the Vatican

►an ancient Roman cemetery under St. Peter's Basilica

►How did Rome remain the center of Christianity? The answer is not that simple!

►In early Christianity, was the See of Rome superior to other Patriarchies?

►How did the Great Schism happen?

►What was Charlemagne's role in the split between the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?

►How did language barrier contribute to the divide between East and West?

►What was the Reformed Papacy?

►What was the Byzantine Papacy?

►What was the Avignon Papacy?

►Why did kings and emperors kidnap popes?

►What was the Donation of Constantine - the forgery with huge geopolitical ramifications?

🚩About My 171st Guest Scholar:

Dr. Roger Collins is a professor at the University of Edinburgh. He has published extensively, including the following books:

• Keepers of the Keys of Heaven: A History of the Papacy, which we discuss in this interview
• Chased By Bulldogs: A Historian's Tale, which will publish in May 2025,
• Charlemagne
• Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031
• Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000
• The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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171 scholars and counting! So don't miss HbN guest scholars’ weekly takes on the history behind our news.