This bonus episode was originally posted on Patreon on June 30, 2021 titled "Q and Bidet - Episode 4."

Original Patreon description: What popular songs does Ceri know? How stumped did she get by your science questions? Listen to this episode of Q and Bidet (I should mention Hank came up with that name all by himself) to find out!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials:
Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social
@rhinoceri on Instagram
Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social
@im_sam_schultz on Instagram
Hank: @hankgreen on X

This bonus episode was originally posted on Patreon on May 28, 2021 titled "Q and Play - Episode 3!"

Original Patreon description: We've named the Patreon podcast! Enjoy Sam trying to answer your science questions while Ceri and Hank give him encouraging/condescending smiles.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials:
Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social
@rhinoceri on Instagram
Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social
@im_sam_schultz on Instagram
Hank: @hankgreen on X

This bonus episode was originally posted on Patreon on April 30, 2021 titled "Tangents Bonus Episode #2."

Original Patreon description: Ceri and Hank answer your questions about the future of science! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials:
Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social
@rhinoceri on Instagram
Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social
@im_sam_schultz on Instagram
Hank: @hankgreen on X

This bonus episode was originally posted on Patreon on March 26, 2021 titled "Tangents Bonus Episode #1!"

Original Patreon description: Hank, Sam, and Ceri answer your questions! Including: What happened to Chin Coins? Is there a scientific formula to a great joke? And how do non-newtonian fluids work? Featuring a snazzy new song by the one and only, Tuna!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials:
Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social
@rhinoceri on Instagram
Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social
@im_sam_schultz on Instagram
Hank: @hankgreen on X

Stroll back in time to look ahead at the future with Tangents in this compilation of episodes investigating the science and innovations that have pushed humanity and technology ever on down the road of advancement! 

Episodes in this compilation:

S1 E15 - Artificial Intelligence, original airdate: February 19, 2019 

S2 E23 - Robots, original airdate: April 14, 2020 S4 E2 - Computers, original airdate: March 8, 2022 

S4 E44 - Lasers, original airdate: February 28, 2023 

S5 E29 - Machine Learning, original airdate: April 30, 2024 

Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes on your preferred podcasting platform. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials: 

Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social @rhinoceri on Instagram 

Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social @im_sam_schultz on Instagram 

Hank: @hankgreen on X

The day has arrived- this is our very last episode of Tangents ever! So of course, we had to talk about a topic that's near and dear to our hearts forever: Tangents. Ride down memory lane with us and returning original host Stefan Chin as we reminisce, try to remember what we've learned, and still learn new stuff in an episode that's the true encapsulation of everything we love about this show. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That: SciShow or Tangents or Both]

Eyedrops to deliver a drug called pilocarpine

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/ekmb6KQahuk/

African crested rat with toxin-loaded fur

https://www.livescience.com/crested-rats-have-poison-fur.html

https://www.npr.org/2020/11/27/938878618/for-rats-that-coat-themselves-in-poison-these-rodents-are-surprisingly-cuddly

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/CQAVcAJQsEM/

Spleen cells creating splenunculi 

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/3xXyBCckWsM

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/13/505349283/meet-the-spleen-the-strange-little-organ-that-can-multiply

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27226272/

Car transmission failures due to endangered species act

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/transmission-problems-in-cars-linked-to-ban-on-whale-killing.html

https://magazine.washington.edu/feature/the-innovation-file-solving-a-whale-of-a-problem/

https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-the-jojoba-plant-saved-the-sperm-whale-1716719552

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/15/archives/oil-from-a-shrub-found-in-desert-may-save-the-sperm-whale.html

https://www.lubesngreases.com/magazine/whale-oil-biobased-and-bygone/

[The Gauntlet]

Preventing snails from growing external shells

https://www.wired.com/2010/10/snails-slugs-shell-evolution/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011090229.htm

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00433.x

Female mouse pee compound that decreases pain and increases stress in males

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi9366

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953803

Niagara falls 1969 project

https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/american-dry-falls/

https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/niagara-falls-june-1969-dewatering.html

https://m.ammoth.us/blog/2010/03/absent-rivers-ephemeral-parks/

Wolf puppies acting like domesticated dogs

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/824375

https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(19)30557-7

Ethyl mercaptan-sniffing animals

https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0894.pdf

https://bedfordaudubon.org/2016/01/07/turkey-vulture-and-black-vulture/

https://www.birdnote.org/podcasts/birdnote-daily/turkey-vultures-and-gas-pipelines

Ika-tako computer virus

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/japanese-virus

https://www.computerworld.com/article/1343317/hacker-s-p2p-virus-replaces-files-with-sea-creature-manga.html

Frogs that don’t have middle ears but can still hear

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1302218110

https://phys.org/news/2013-09-frogs-ears-mouth.html

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3023005/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Mathematical uses for tangents

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/calciii/TangentNormalVectors.aspx

http://www.braeunig.us/space/orbmech.htm

https://science.nasa.gov/learn/basics-of-space-flight/chapter4-1/

https://www.nasa.gov/ames-engineering/spaceflight-division/flight-dynamics/trajectory-design/

https://willkempartschool.com/compostional-mistakes-in-drawing/

[Butt One More Thing]

Young turquoise killifish gut microbes made old fish live longer

https://www.nature.com/news/young-poo-makes-aged-fish-l

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120980v2

We're thrilled to be joined for a special return to the topic of Cancer by our own magnificent editorial assistant, Deboki Chakravarti! We cover a ton in this beefy episode, so grab a snack, get comfy, and prepare to dive deep on a topic that's well worth the revisit. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Water-logged diaper scans

https://www.nist.gov/pml/about-pml/pml-working-you/pml-working-you-archives/fighting-cancer-diapers

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/11/how-disposable-diapers-can-improve-measurements-tumor-growth

Toothbrush cancer camera

https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelsandler/2022/09/22/why-billionaire-eric-schmidt-is-backing-a-high-school-senior-making-a-cancer-detecting-toothbrush-and-other-brilliant-teens/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/obstetrics-gynecology/news/a-substantial-step-toward-earlier-endometrial-cancer-detection/mac-20560620

Cancer-cell kleenex

https://www.statnews.com/2017/09/06/masspec-pen-cancer/

[This or That: Researcher, Patient, or Both]

Round 1 - Sister Mary Joseph Nodule

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294222000089#sec0006

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00261-016-1031-1

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31864-6/abstract

Round 2 - Trousseau sign of malignancy

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294222000089#sec0002

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022062/

Round 3 - AOH1996

https://www.alexslemonade.org/blog/chance-meeting-leads-promising-cancer-treatment

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10592352/

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05227326

Round 4 - Papanicolaou (Pap) test

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncy.22734

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213294514002178

[Ask the Science Couch]

Proposition 65 in the state of California & carcinogens in studies

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/how-chemicals-are-added-proposition-65-list

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6349368/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/wood-dust

Patreon bonus: Treatments for different cancers and why there’s no singular cure

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types

https://www.aacr.org/patients-caregivers/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/

https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2023/10/cancer-is-not-one-disease

https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html

[Butt One More Thing]

A trained dog could sniff out colorectal cancer in poop samples

https://gut.bmj.com/content/60/6/814

https://www.cshl.edu/the-doctor-will-sniff-you-now/

Would it really be a conversation about plagues if noted plague-hater and tuberculosis-fighter John Green wasn't a part of it? In this episode John makes his Tangents debut at last, and we dig deep into whether we could fight an old, fat beaver and win, among other things.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail Express]

Hunter-gatherer from 5000 years ago infected with plague

https://www.livescience.com/5000-year-old-man-had-plague.html

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/oldest-strain-of-black-death-bacteria-found-in-5000-year-old-human-remains#Less-deadly-and-less-contagious

Isaac Newton plague cure 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sir-isaac-newtons-plague-prescription-toad-vomit-lozenges-180975039/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/isaac-newton-plague

Sewer pipes in Hanoi let plague-bearing rats breed

https://feralatlas.supdigital.org/poster/colonial-sewers-led-to-more-rats

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hanoi-rat-massacre-1902

[The Scientific Definition]

Four thieves vinegar

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7485289/

https://nutritionalgeography.faculty.ucdavis.edu/clove/

https://www.si.edu/es/object/die-mondsuchtigen:nmah_994026

The Vicary method / The live chicken treatment

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1472106/

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665487

https://libguides.umn.edu/healthmisinformation

Zenexton 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44444207

https://archive.org/details/b30341681/page/n7/mode/2up

[Ask the Science Couch]

HIV resistance through genetic mutation and selective pressure (possibly from plagues)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1377146/

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/42/3/205

https://www.nature.com/news/2005/050307/full/news050307-15.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/03/050325234239.htm

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC299980/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880184/

Plague doctors probably didn’t look like birds (until later / after theater) 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_F%C3%BCrst,_Der_Doctor_Schnabel_von_Rom_(Holl%C3%A4nder_version).png

https://deathscent.com/2020/05/15/the-redolent-plague-doctor/

https://www.livescience.com/plague-doctors.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Using pastes made with human feces to treat bubonic plague

https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2021/04/medieval-pandemic-cures-that-were-medieval/

https://hosted.lib.uiowa.edu/histmed/plague/

Is it usefulness, accidental genius, or sheer dumb luck that produces inventions? Well, after this episode, we at least know for sure what Batman's answer would be. As for the rest of it, you'll just have to listen along while we dive into one of Ceri's dream topics: Inventions!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That]

Pacemaker

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3232561/

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jul/11/from-viagra-to-valium-the-drugs-that-were-discovered-by-accident

Snow globe

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-25298507

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-an-experiment-to-amplify-light-in-hospital-operating-rooms-led-to-the-accidental-invention-of-the-snow-globe-180985742/

Stethoscope 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1570491/

https://www.thoughtco.com/rene-laenecc-stethoscope-1991647

[The Scientific Definition]

Pigeon Vest

https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/pigeons-bras-go-war

Bat Bomb

https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/1090bats/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-almost-perfect-world-war-ii-plot-to-bomb-japan-with-bats

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/old-weird-tech-the-bat-bombs-of-world-war-ii/237267/

Chicken Eyeglasses

https://gizmodo.com/thousands-of-chickens-once-wore-glasses-to-stop-them-ki-1700343874

https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1989/11/27/entrepreneur-wants-a-lens-in-every/

https://extension.psu.edu/poultry-cannibalism-prevention-and-treatment

https://patents.google.com/patent/US730918

Experiment (patent in category “Boats to ascend rivers”)

https://books.google.com/books?id=K1YdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/nautarch/nwl/lake-champlain-projects/hoofbeats-over-the-water-ina-research-on-horse-powered-ferryboats/

https://books.google.com/books?id=z0Avt3ruFx0C&pg=PA294#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.uspto.gov/blog/the-search-for-lost-x

[Ask the Science Couch]

“Ahead of their time” inventions (Undersea cables, Antikythera mechanism, electric cars) 

https://www.nps.gov/caco/learn/historyculture/french-transatlantic-cable.htm

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84310-w

https://www.youtube.com/@clickspring

https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-early-electric-cars

Patreon bonus: Patent law and whether you can apply without a prototype

https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/35/100

https://www.legal.uillinois.edu/services/legal_guidance/inventions_and_patents

https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2109.html

https://improbable.com/2014/02/21/the-blonsky-centrifugal-birthing-device-in-dublin/

[Butt One More Thing]

John Henry Kellog’s vibratory dining chair for bowel movements

https://www.museumofquackery.com/devices/k-chair.htm

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-nutrition-history-quackery/enigmatic-dr-kellogg

Do you want to play a game? Well, we sure do! We're joined by Sam's dream guest Jo Firestone, a comedian, podcaster, and game author and enthusiast to celebrate the joy (and evil) of playing games, especially the games on Tangents! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail: Express]

Researchers turned quitting smoking into competitive sport

https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2024/novel-digital-pet-game-within-smoking-cessation-app-increases-user-engagement-with-apps-tools-to-quit-smoking/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566442/

Scientists watch a hydrogel play pong

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/aug/22/scientists-enable-hydrogel-to-play-and-improve-at-pong-video-game

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063433

Bonus: Dead salmon FMRI study

https://www.psychology.mcmaster.ca/bennett/psy710/readings/BennettDeadSalmon.pdf

Oregon Trail decision model 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063290

[The Gauntlet]

Game Boy Pocket Sonar accessory

https://www.outdoorlife.com/fishing/game-boy-fishing-sonar/

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/21/nintendo-game-boy-25-facts-for-its-25th-anniversary

https://gameboy.fandom.com/wiki/Game_Boy_Pocket_Sonar

Foldit players solve puzzles with what molecules

https://fold.it/about_foldit

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/foldit-gamers-solve-riddle/

AI neural network from floppy disk to electronic game

http://www.20q.net/?history

https://ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/2006-Spring/announce.burgener.html

https://openreview.net/pdf?id=FlR4Wyubayy

Jenga name in Swahili

https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/jenga-tale-randomness-and-design

https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/jenga/

Candy Land disease epidemic

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/candy-land/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline/polio

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/07/how-polio-inspired-the-creation-of-candy-land/594424/

Jeopardy

https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/03/19/jeopardy-has-first-3-way-tie/

https://www.npr.org/2009/12/20/121664528/sing-muse-of-the-jeopardy-three-way-tie

https://j-archive.com/showplayer.php?player_id=3578

https://www.jeopardy.com/jbuzz/behind-scenes/breaking-down-four-rare-jeopardy-scenarios

100% win rate from high-speed robot

https://ishikawa-vision.org/fusion/Janken/index-e.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Game replayability reasons, impacts, and areas of future research

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596614.pdf

https://www.firstpersonscholar.com/the-games-people-replay/

https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/3135888/293191.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952121000574

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X22002652

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2024/5876780

Patreon bonus: Gamification, another facet of motivation psychology

https://academictechnologies.it.miami.edu/support/course-design-assistance/game-based-learning/index.html

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475760/1/gamification_CHI2016_preprint.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952119300953

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921023255

https://online.nursing.georgetown.edu/blog/how-to-stop-procrastinating-there-is-a-science-to-it/

https://mcgraw.princeton.edu/undergraduates/resources/resource-library/understanding-and-overcoming-procrastination

[Butt One More Thing]

Original inventor of Scrabble was named Alfred Mosher Butts

https://time.com/archive/6909539/scrabble/

https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/scrabble/