SciShow Tangents

Woo boy! It's hot out there, why don't ya grab a nice glass of ice cold lemonade and listen in on everything you did and didn't want to learn about sweat. Are humans the sweatiest of them all? Do fish sweat? What lives in the ecosystem between two people holding hands for the first time? What is it all even for!??

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

Sources: 

[Truth or Fail]

Sweat sucking spiders supplementing salts 

Polar bears follow sweaty paw paths in search for love

A new bacteria-infecting cure for extra stinky sweaty feet 

[Trivia Question]

NASA’s ECOSTRESS measures evapotranspiration aka plant sweating

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ecosystem-spaceborne-thermal-radiometer-experiment-on-space-station-ecostress

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/watching-plants-water-use-is-no-sweat-for-ecostress

[Fact Off]

Charles Blagden experiments with “super-sauna” that cooked steak but made humans sweat

https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-and-observations-in-a-heated-room-1774/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/106218?seq=1

https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/

Antiperspirant made with propylene glycol that evaporates your sweat before it leaves the ducts

[Ask the Science Couch]

Non-water stuff in eccrine sweat (salt, urea, hormones, etc.)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817713/

https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/1733/

https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa048-02_macdonald.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941775/

Patreon bonus: Effects of stress/emotion on sweat composition and smell

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518869/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246182/

[Butt One More Thing]

Treating hyperhidrosis in the perianal region with botox

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8436621/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172190/

This summer's hottest North American bug is without question, the cicada. They've got everything: neon-colored wing veins, bendy-straw-style exoskeletons, an insatiable thirst for tree goo, and after 17 years of napping, they're bursting out of the ground ready to par-tay!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That: Cicadas or the Beatles]

https://www.science.org/content/article/secret-cicadas-chirp

https://cicadas.uconn.edu/behavior/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698019

Algorithm to measure song changes over time

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/500262

https://www.science.org/content/article/computer-charts-evolution-beatles

Test signals in fiber optic cables

https://entomologytoday.org/2023/12/04/broadband-buzz-periodical-cicadas-chorus-measured-fiber-optic-cables/

https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/23/6/3/7425398?login=false

Female flies responding to songs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932889/

https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/cicadas-are-the-barry-white-of-the-insect-world/

Eroom’s Law principle related to drug development

https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/eroom-s-law

https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmb.21617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroom%27s_law

[Trivia Question]

Bird hunting caterpillars on emergence and non-emergence years

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi7426

https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24148209/cicadas-2024-periodical-brood-eat-ecosystem-impact

[Fact Off]

Brown bears digging up cicada nymphs in Japanese human-planted forests

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/86161

https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2020-0222

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4266

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1036064

Cicadas pee in a very mammal-like stream

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-cicadas-power-spray-their-pee/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cicada sound production using the tymbal, stridulation, or wing impacts

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4279

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/198/4/1001/6996/The-Role-of-the-Tymbal-in-Cicada-Sound-Production

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118554

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/151/1/41/5697/Do-Cicadas-Radiate-Sound-through-their-Ear-Drums

Patreon bonus: Periodical cicadas emerge after 13 or 17 (prime numbers) years

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2406585

https://www.livescience.com/14238-southern-cicadas-emerge-exact-prime-number-cycles.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690011/

https://cicadas.uconn.edu/

[Butt One More Thing]

Cicada nymph anal liquid is adhesive and mucus-like

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044523104700686

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2rax3CKoj8

It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Sources:

[Truth or Fail Express]

Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimp

https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_Puzzle

Nudibranch with male and female sex organs

https://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wt

Sparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four genders

https://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrows

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/

[This or That: Bird or Bug?]

Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1up

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396

Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair’s nest (Japanese termites)

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233

Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up

[Ask the Science Couch]

History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)

https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055

https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdf

http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Aristotle’s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behavior

https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.html

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Banana peel pasta

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htm

Banana peel perfume adherent

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924a

Banana peel water filtration

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.html

https://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.html

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e

[This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]

Banana fiddler crab

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-w

Image: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpg

Banana galaxies 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232

Nokia 8110 aka the “banana phone” 

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4g

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpg

Image of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png

[Ask the Science Couch]

Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease risks

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448

https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xml

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-it

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6

[Butt One More Thing]

Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetate

https://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653

It may seem like cloning really only shows up regularly in science fiction, but it turns out, it's been a sneaky, significant real-world process for a super long time! In this episode we learn about cloning found in nature, labs, and...this very podcast??

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail]

Crayfish that’s been cloning itself might help us study prion diseases

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/904708

Scientists envision a new insect repellant while cloning hemlock trees

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/801445

Athlete’s foot fungus rejects sex for cloning

https://today.duke.edu/2018/02/toenail-fungus-gives-sex-infect-human-hosts

https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/208/4/1657/6084243

https://gizmodo.com/the-fungi-that-cause-athletes-foot-have-given-up-on-sex-1823265768

[Trivia Question]

First cloned cat, which was named Copy Cat

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/texas-am-says-goodbye-to-cc-worlds-first-cloned-cat/

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/08/813384347/remembering-cc-the-cloned-cat

[Fact Off]

Electric ant queens and males sexually reproduce but actually like two different clonal species

A 34-member “twin study” with Amazon molly fish clones

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009151

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43069-6

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-defeating-enemy-evolution-clone-fish.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/

https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/twins-study/about/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cross-species cloning and back-breeding as de-extinction strategies

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223960/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157387/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521203/

https://lsspjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2195-7819-10-3

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals

https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2021-02/genetic-research-boosts-black-footed-ferret-conservation-efforts

[Butt One More Thing]

Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of zooid clones, including gastrozooids for digesting (and maybe pooping)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51842-1

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html

Humanity is bound together by so many qualities, and in this episode, we add Being Goopy to the list. What does that have to do with glue? A whole lot, it turns out - cue some ominous foreshadowing....Memento goopy! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Secret Ingredient]

Fibers mixed with water to make adhesive 

https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/1/1/pgac026/6549457

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

Adhesive inspired by animal protein

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c10936

Chinese bricks made with gluey substance

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/chinese-architecture

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12143

[Trivia Question]

Year that the first adhesive stamp Penny Black was mailed

https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/how-a-single-postage-stamp-birthed-the-information-age

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-piece-of-mail-sent-using-a-stamp-auction-180983619/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-of-the-first-postage-stamp-14931961/

[Fact Off]

Reversible glue made with caffeic acid exposed to certain UV light wavelengths 

Blood albumin glue used in plywood and pre-plastic resin objects

https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-154.pdf

https://foodeng.wisc.edu/images/publications/2010-9.pdf

https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/fluidsengineering/article-abstract/54/11/15/1162589/Blood-Albumin-and-the-Woodworking-Industry?redirectedFrom=PDF

https://plastiquarian.com/?page_id=14216

[Ask the Science Couch]

How glue adhesion/cohesion works and why glue (sometimes) doesn’t cure in the bottle

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01182#

https://www.uhu.com/en-en/glue-advice/adhesive-types

https://d-lab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/D-Lab_Learn-It_Adhesives_Jul13.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143749618300575

https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/CT07137

[Butt One More Thing]

Fibrin glue used to help seal anal fistulas

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682544/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782483/

We do a lot of learning on Tangents, so naturally, we've got questions about what learning looks like...for machines! AI and machine learning science communicator Jordan Harrod (https://www.youtube.com/@jordanharrod) lends her expertise to this episode as we definitely for sure learn all there is to know and will ever need to be known about machine learning, algorithms, and AI. Definitely we got all of it, everyone.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Racoon-inspired algorithm

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8552661

Dolphin-inspired algorithm

Pelican-inspired algorithm

[Trivia Question]

Using machine learning to measure plant vibration and sounds when they experience stress 

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/plants-make-noises-when-stressed-study-finds-180981920/

[Fact Off]

Lenna (an image of a Playboy model) used as the standard for digital image processing

https://www.404media.co/lena-test-image-ieee-policy/

Tricking speech recognition systems with “neural voice camouflage”

https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/news/block-smartphone-microphone-speech-recognition-spying

https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/16.pdf

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.07076.pdf

https://www.vox.com/2018/7/20/17594074/phone-spying-wiretap-microphone-smartphone-northeastern-dave-choffnes-christo-wilson-kara-swisher

https://gizmodo.com/these-academics-spent-the-last-year-testing-whether-you-1826961188

[Ask the Science Couch]

AI image generator mistakes (hands, feet, teeth) and how they work (diffusion models)

https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/why-ai-generated-hands-are-the-stuff-of-nightmares-explained-by-a-scientist

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/ai-generated-art-hands-fingers-messed-up

https://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativity

https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/sohl-dickstein15.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Training machine learning models (convolutional neural networks) to classify poop images

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.10578.pdf

https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2022/07000/a_smartphone_application_using_artificial.24.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275399/

Anal Recognition Paper

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0534-9