SciShow Tangents

It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Sources:

[Truth or Fail Express]

Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimp

https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_Puzzle

Nudibranch with male and female sex organs

https://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wt

Sparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four genders

https://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrows

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/

[This or That: Bird or Bug?]

Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1up

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396

Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair’s nest (Japanese termites)

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233

Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up

[Ask the Science Couch]

History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)

https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055

https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdf

http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Aristotle’s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behavior

https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.html

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Banana peel pasta

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htm

Banana peel perfume adherent

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924a

Banana peel water filtration

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.html

https://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.html

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e

[This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]

Banana fiddler crab

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-w

Image: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpg

Banana galaxies 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232

Nokia 8110 aka the “banana phone” 

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4g

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpg

Image of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png

[Ask the Science Couch]

Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease risks

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448

https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xml

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-it

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6

[Butt One More Thing]

Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetate

https://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is from a bonus, cut-for-time question from our episode on Turtles! You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com

for information about our collection and use of personal data for

advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

It may seem like cloning really only shows up regularly in science fiction, but it turns out, it's been a sneaky, significant real-world process for a super long time! In this episode we learn about cloning found in nature, labs, and...this very podcast??

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail]

Crayfish that’s been cloning itself might help us study prion diseases

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/904708

Scientists envision a new insect repellant while cloning hemlock trees

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/801445

Athlete’s foot fungus rejects sex for cloning

https://today.duke.edu/2018/02/toenail-fungus-gives-sex-infect-human-hosts

https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/208/4/1657/6084243

https://gizmodo.com/the-fungi-that-cause-athletes-foot-have-given-up-on-sex-1823265768

[Trivia Question]

First cloned cat, which was named Copy Cat

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/texas-am-says-goodbye-to-cc-worlds-first-cloned-cat/

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/08/813384347/remembering-cc-the-cloned-cat

[Fact Off]

Electric ant queens and males sexually reproduce but actually like two different clonal species

A 34-member “twin study” with Amazon molly fish clones

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009151

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43069-6

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-defeating-enemy-evolution-clone-fish.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/

https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/twins-study/about/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cross-species cloning and back-breeding as de-extinction strategies

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223960/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157387/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521203/

https://lsspjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2195-7819-10-3

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals

https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2021-02/genetic-research-boosts-black-footed-ferret-conservation-efforts

[Butt One More Thing]

Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of zooid clones, including gastrozooids for digesting (and maybe pooping)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51842-1

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Humanity is bound together by so many qualities, and in this episode, we add Being Goopy to the list. What does that have to do with glue? A whole lot, it turns out - cue some ominous foreshadowing....Memento goopy! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Secret Ingredient]

Fibers mixed with water to make adhesive 

https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/1/1/pgac026/6549457

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

Adhesive inspired by animal protein

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c10936

Chinese bricks made with gluey substance

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/chinese-architecture

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12143

[Trivia Question]

Year that the first adhesive stamp Penny Black was mailed

https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/how-a-single-postage-stamp-birthed-the-information-age

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-piece-of-mail-sent-using-a-stamp-auction-180983619/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-of-the-first-postage-stamp-14931961/

[Fact Off]

Reversible glue made with caffeic acid exposed to certain UV light wavelengths 

Blood albumin glue used in plywood and pre-plastic resin objects

https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-154.pdf

https://foodeng.wisc.edu/images/publications/2010-9.pdf

https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/fluidsengineering/article-abstract/54/11/15/1162589/Blood-Albumin-and-the-Woodworking-Industry?redirectedFrom=PDF

https://plastiquarian.com/?page_id=14216

[Ask the Science Couch]

How glue adhesion/cohesion works and why glue (sometimes) doesn’t cure in the bottle

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01182#

https://www.uhu.com/en-en/glue-advice/adhesive-types

https://d-lab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/D-Lab_Learn-It_Adhesives_Jul13.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143749618300575

https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/CT07137

[Butt One More Thing]

Fibrin glue used to help seal anal fistulas

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682544/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782483/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

No, your eyes and ears don't deceive you - this is, in fact, a super special cross-feed treat from our friends over at Crash Course in the form of the first episode of their brand new show, "Crash Course Pods: The Universe." Hosted by novelist John Green and astrophysicist Dr. Katie Mack, "The Universe" is a podcast about the history of the entire universe, from its explosive beginnings to its mysterious, but inevitable, end. In this first episode Dr. Mack walks John through the Big Bang and the very first micro-moments of the universe, and some of the ways that that ancient event is actually still connected to us, here, today. It's great, we really like it, we're really proud of the Crash Course team, and we thought you guys would also really enjoy the show! So to make it easy, we put the entire first episode right here! The rest of John and Dr. Mack's conversation will cover 11 episodes airing every other week on the Crash Course YouTube channel at youtube.com/crashcourse or wherever you get your podcasts. Give it a listen, and we hope you enjoy! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com

for information about our collection and use of personal data for

advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We do a lot of learning on Tangents, so naturally, we've got questions about what learning looks like...for machines! AI and machine learning science communicator Jordan Harrod (https://www.youtube.com/@jordanharrod) lends her expertise to this episode as we definitely for sure learn all there is to know and will ever need to be known about machine learning, algorithms, and AI. Definitely we got all of it, everyone.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Racoon-inspired algorithm

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8552661

Dolphin-inspired algorithm

Pelican-inspired algorithm

[Trivia Question]

Using machine learning to measure plant vibration and sounds when they experience stress 

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/plants-make-noises-when-stressed-study-finds-180981920/

[Fact Off]

Lenna (an image of a Playboy model) used as the standard for digital image processing

https://www.404media.co/lena-test-image-ieee-policy/

Tricking speech recognition systems with “neural voice camouflage”

https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/news/block-smartphone-microphone-speech-recognition-spying

https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/16.pdf

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.07076.pdf

https://www.vox.com/2018/7/20/17594074/phone-spying-wiretap-microphone-smartphone-northeastern-dave-choffnes-christo-wilson-kara-swisher

https://gizmodo.com/these-academics-spent-the-last-year-testing-whether-you-1826961188

[Ask the Science Couch]

AI image generator mistakes (hands, feet, teeth) and how they work (diffusion models)

https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/why-ai-generated-hands-are-the-stuff-of-nightmares-explained-by-a-scientist

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/ai-generated-art-hands-fingers-messed-up

https://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativity

https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/sohl-dickstein15.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Training machine learning models (convolutional neural networks) to classify poop images

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.10578.pdf

https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2022/07000/a_smartphone_application_using_artificial.24.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275399/

Anal Recognition Paper

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0534-9

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Hygiene and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com

for information about our collection and use of personal data for

advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Devotees of the testudines rejoice! Whether you have one as a pet, admire them at the zoo, or giggle with the rest of the internet when they rock each other off logs, chances are high, we think, that you like turtles. We like turtles! And conveniently for us, turtle science is also extremely cool, so this was basically an ideal episode to make. Enjoy!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail]

Fossilized turtle poop showing green algae feast site

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995472

https://www.science.org/content/article/sea-turtles-have-3000-year-old-routines

Crushing of fossilized turtle shells shows burial site age

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/science/turtle-shells-fossils-paleontology.html

https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/18/5/1524/616297/Crushed-turtle-shells-Proxies-for-lithification

Turtle fossil was actually a plant fossil

https://www.livescience.com/animals/120-million-year-old-plants-turn-out-to-be-ultra-rare-fossilized-baby-turtles

[Trivia Question]

Speed of a sand-digging robot modeled after a turtle hatchling

https://today.ucsd.edu/story/bot-inspired-by-baby-turtles-can-swim-under-the-sand-1

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202200404

[Fact Off]

Chinese soft-shelled turtles (basically) pee out their mouths

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/21/3723/19178/The-Chinese-soft-shelled-turtle-Pelodiscus

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121011090643.htm

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aohc/63/2/63_2_181/_article

https://theconversation.com/no-overwintering-turtles-dont-breathe-through-their-butts-getting-to-the-bottom-of-a-popular-misconception-224331

Microplastics in sand mess with sea turtle sex ratios

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230623210244.htm#:~:text=Warmer%20temperatures%20are%20known%20to,before%20their%20sex%20is%20set.

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html#:~:text=This%20is%20called%20temperature%2Ddependent,the%20hatchlings%20will%20be%20female.

[Ask the Science Couch]

Turtle communication and vocalization

https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24553

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14356-3

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33741-8 https://gizmodo.com/jurassic-parks-dinosaur-sound-effects-were-actually-ani-5994278

https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/01/06/turtles-eat-south-america/

[Butt One More Thing]

Collecting loggerhead sea turtle fecal samples by making them custom swimsuits 

https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2015/10/sea-turtles-don-swimsuits-science

Pictures: 

https://www.flickr.com/photos/37175871@N06/albums/72157659326105212/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

A wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Big vs. Small and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com

for information about our collection and use of personal data for

advertising.

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.